Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are genes?
|
Genes are sequences of DNA that code for traits.
(genotype-->phenotype) |
|
Genes can be translated into what? and when?
|
Genes can be translated into proteins when they are activated.
|
|
Changes in DNA can cause what?
|
Changes in DNA can cause changes in phenotype.
|
|
What is Central Dogma?
|
Central Dogma is :
DNA-(transcription)->RNA-(translation)->Protein |
|
What are the differences between RNA and DNA?
|
RNA is single-stranded, has bases A-U;G-C, and it is in Ribose sugar group.
DNA is double-stranded, has bases A-T;G-C, and it is in deoxyribose sugar group. |
|
RNA splicing...
|
RNA splicing involves in introns or noncoding regions from primary transcript; coding regions or exon are spliced together. Now, the mature transcript leaves the nucles.
|
|
Know how to read mRNA codon.
|
mRNA codon is complementary to antiocodon on the tRNA and it is corresponding to amino acid.
|
|
Function and Stucture of a cell is...
|
Function and Structure of a cell is determined by the kinds of proteins it makes.
|
|
Gene switches...
|
Control of gene regulation (gene switches) is different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
|
|
Repressor proteins...
|
Repressor proteins can block transcripts when they bind to Premotor regions of the DNA.
|
|
What is Mutation.
|
Mutation is a sudden change in an organism's DNA.( can be beneficial, usually harmful, or has no effect.)
|
|
What are mutagens?
|
Mutagens are substances in the environment that can cause mutations.
|
|
How many types of mutations are there and what are they?
Tell each kind. |
There are 4 types of mutations and they are: deletion, duplication, translocation, and inversion.
Deletion is a loss segment of DNA. Duplication is a process in which the chromosome breaks and incorporated into its homologous chromsome, giving an extra copy of DNA sequence. Translocations is a process in which part of chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different non homologous chromsome. Inversion is a process in which part of chromosome breaks off, turns aroun, and reattaches in the reverse order to the same chromosome. |
|
How many types of gene mutations are there and what are they? Tell each kind.
|
There are 2 types of gene mutations and they are: frameshitt mutation and point mutation.
Frameshift mutation is the deletion or insertion of nucelotides that disrupts a codon. Point Mutation is the replacement of a single base pair in a gene. |
|
What is regulatory gene?
|
Regulatory gene is a gene that regulates an expression.
|