Biology Chapter 7.1

Front 1

Cell

Back 1

Basic units of all living things.

Front 2

Organization

Back 2

The orderly structure of cells in an organism.

Front 3

What do you know about microscopes in the 1600's

Back 3

The microscope Anton van Leeuwenhoek used in the 1600's is considered a simple light microscope because it contained one lens and used light to view objects.

Over the next 200 years, scientists greatly improved microscopes by grinding higher quality lenses and developing the compound light microscope.

Front 4

Compound Microscope

Back 4

A compound microscope used a series of lenses to magnify objects in steps, These microscopes can magnify objects up to about 1500 times.

Front 5

Who was Robert Hooke?

Back 5

Robert Hooke was an English scientist who lived at the same time as van Leeuwenhoek. Hooke used a compound light microscope to sudy cork, the dead cells of oak bark. In cork, Hooke observed small geometric shapes. He gave these box shaped structures the name cells because they reminded him of the small rooms monks lived in at a monastery.

Front 6

Cells are the

Back 6

basic units of all living things.

Front 7

Cell Theory
1.
2.
3.

Back 7

1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.

Front 8

Electron Microscope

Back 8

In the 1930's and 1940's, a new type of microscope, the electron microscope, was developed.

This microscope uses a beam of electrons instead of light to magnify structures up to 500,000 times their actual size, allowing scientists to see structures within a cell.

Because the electrons can collide with air particles and scatter, specimens must be examined in a vacuum.

Front 9

All cells contain small, specialized structures called....?

Back 9

All cells contain

Front 10

How many types of electron microscopes are there?

Back 10

Two
1. SEM Scanning electron microscopes. SEMs scan the surfaces of cell to learn their 3-dimensional shape.

2. TEM Transmission electron microscopes. TEMs allow scientists to study the structures contained within a cell.

Front 11

Cell Theory

Back 11

A cell theory is made up of three main ideas:
1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms.
3.All cells come from preexisting cells.

Front 12

Organelles

Back 12

All cells contain small, specialized structures called organelles.

Most organelles are surrounded by membranes.

Each organelle has a specific function in the cell.

Front 13

Cells can be divided into two broad groups:

Back 13

1. Those that contain membrane bound organelles (eukaryotes).
2. Those that do not contain membrane bound organelles (procaryotes).

Front 14

Eukaryotes

Back 14

Cells containing membrane-bound organelles are called eukaryotic cells. Most of the multicellular organisms we know are made up of eukaryotic cells and therefore are called eukaryotes.

Note: some eukaryotes, such as amoebas, or some algae and yeast, are unicellular organisms.

Front 15

Prokaryotes

Back 15

Cells that do not contain any membrane-bound organelles are called prokaryotic cells. Most unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, do not have membrane-bound organelles and are therefore called prokaryotes.

Front 16

Nucleus

Back 16

The central membrane bound organelle that manages or controls cellular function.