Biology Chapter 7 Vocab

Front 1

aneuploidy

Back 1

individual with an error in chromo number; includes deletions and dupes of chromo segments

Front 2

monosomy

Back 2

diploid genotype in which one chromo is missing

Front 3

trisomy

Back 3

diploid genotype in which one entire chromo is duplicated

Front 4

x inactivation

Back 4

the condensation of x chromos into Barr Bodies during embryonic development in females to compensate

Front 5

polyploidy

Back 5

an individual with an incorrect number of chromo sets

Front 6

chromosome inversion

Back 6

the detachment, 180 degree rotation, and reinsertion of a chromo arm

Front 7

meiosis

Back 7

a nuclear division process that results in 4 haploid cells

Front 8

germ cells

Back 8

a specialized cell that produces gametes such as eggs or sperm

Front 9

fertilization

Back 9

the union of 2 haploid cells typically from 2 individual organisms

Front 10

somatic cells

Back 10

all cells of a multicellular organism except the gamete forming cells

Front 11

meiosis I

Back 11

first round of meiotic cell division; reduction division resulting cells are haploid

Front 12

meiosis II

Back 12

2nd round of meiotic cell division following meiosis I; sister chromatids are separated from each other and the result is 4 unique haploid cells

Front 13

synapsis

Back 13

formation of a close association between homologous chromos during prophase I

Front 14

crossing Over

Back 14

recombination; exchange of genetic material between homologous chromo resulting in chromos that incorporate genes from both parents of the organisms = reproductive cells

Front 15

recombinant

Back 15

describing something composed of genetic material from 2 sources such as a chromosome with both maternal and paternal segments of dna

Front 16

interkinesis

Back 16

a period of rest that may occur between meiosis II; there is no rep of dna during interkinesis

Front 17

reduction division

Back 17

a nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei each having half as many chromo sets as the paternal nucleus; meiosis I is a reduction division

Front 18

karyotype

Back 18

the number and appearance of an individual's chromo including size, banding patterns, and centromere position

Front 19

nondisjunction

Back 19

failure of synapsed homologs to completely separate and migrate to separate poles during cell division of meiosis

Front 20

euploid

Back 20

an individual with the appropriate number of chromos for their species

Front 21

autosomes

Back 21

any of the non-sex chromos

Front 22

sex chromosomes

Back 22

a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism typically one of two kinds