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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Autotroph
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Organism that makes its own food (example: plant)
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heterotroph
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Organisms that cannot make their own food (example: people)
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Photosynthesis
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process of using the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars
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producer
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organisms that create organic molecules that serve as food for the organisms in their ecosystem
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consumer
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organisms that must obtain food by eating producers or other consumers
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cellular respiration
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chemical process that uses oxygen to convert teh chemical energy stored in organic molecules into another form of chemical energy - a molecule called ATP
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ATP
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adenosine triphosphate. The "adenosine" part consists fo a nitrogen-containing compound called adenine and a five-carbon sugar called ribose. The triphosphate "tail" consists of three phosphate groups.
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what is used by both plant and animal cells during cellular respiration to release the energy stored in glucose?
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Oxygen
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kinetic energy
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energy of motion (example: ball falling down stairs)
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potential entery
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energy stored due to an object's position or arrangment (ball resting at top of stairs)
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thermal energy
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random molecular motion, a type of kinetic energy
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chemical energy
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type of potential energy where potential to perform work is due to the arrangement of the atoms within the molecules
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calorie
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amount of energy required to raise teh temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celcius - due to size it is usually expressed in kilocalories (1000 calories)
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How does ATP store energy?
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Each phospate group is negatively charged. Because like charges repel, the crowding of negative charge in the ATP tail contributes to the potential energy stored in ATP. When ATP is involved in a chemical reaction that breaks one or both of these phophate bonds, potential energy is released.
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What is ATP called after it has lost one of it's 3 phosphate groups?
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ADP
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ADP
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adenosine diphosphate
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Name the 3 main types of work that cells perform:
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chemical work
mechanical work transport work |
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Building large molecules such as proteins is an example of?
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chemical work
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Contraction of a muscle is an example of?
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mechanical work
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Pumping solutes such as ions across a cellular membrane is an example of?
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tranport work
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How often is ATP converted to ADP and when?
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ATP is continuously converted to ADP as your cells do work
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How do you replace ATP?
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ATP is "recyclable" and can be restored from ADP by adding a thrird phosphate group. This requires energy to do. The source of this energy is the organic molecules from food.
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aerobic
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process that requires oxygen (example: cellular respiration)
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Describe teh cell exchange that takes place during cellular respiration
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during cellular respiration, a cell exchanges two gases wtih its surroundings. Teh cell takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Your bloodstream delivers oxygen to the cells and carries away carbon dioxide. The process fo breathing results in teh exchange of these gases between your blood and the outside air.
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overall equation for cellular respiration:
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Glucose + 6 Oxygen ->->
6 Carbon dioxide + 6 Water + about 38 Energy stored in ATP |
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What is cullular respiration's main function?
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to generate ATP for cellular work
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electron transport chain
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The process of electron carriers passing high-energy electorns from the glucose molecule created in cellular respiration to other carriers in a seies fo tranfers. Each carrier holds the electron more stongly than the carrier beofre it. At the end of the chain, oxygen - teh electron grabber - pulls electrons from teh final carrier molecule and joins them with hydrogen ions, forming water
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metabolism
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a cell's chemical processes
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metabolic pathway
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the series fo reactions that make of cellular respiration
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3 main stage of cellular respiration
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glycolysis
Krebs cycle electrom transport and ATP synthase |
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Name and describe stage 1 of cellular respiration
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Glycolysis is breaking down a glucose molecule. It takes place outside the mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the cell. The original glucose molecule has been converted to two molecules of pyruvic acid. Two ATP molecules are spent and four ATP molecules are produced. The pyruvic acid molecules still hold most of the energy of the original glucose molecule
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Name and describe stage 2 of cellular respiration
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Krebs cycle finishes the breakdown of pyruvic acid molecules to carbon dioxide, releasing more energy in the process. Taking place within a mitchondrions inner membrane. Krebs cycle actually turns twice for each glucose molecule breaking down one acetyl CoA molecule each turn and produces a total of four carbon dioxide molecules and two ATP molecules.
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Name and describe state 3 of cellular respiration
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Electron transport Chain and ATP Synthase Action is the final stage of cellular respiration and occurs in the inner membranse of mitochondria. This stage has two parts: electron transport chain and ATP Production by ATP synthase.
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In which organelle does cellular respiration occur?
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most of the process occurs within the mitrochondria
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Most important product of cellular respiration and how many produced
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The most important product of cellular respiration is ATP, for cellular work. A cell can convert the energy of one glucose molecule to as many as 38 molecules of ATP.
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Fermentation
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process that makes ATP without using oxygen
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anaerobic
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without oxygen
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aerobic
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with oxygen
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