Biology Chapter 7

Front 1

Cell

Back 1

collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life

Front 2

Cell Theory

Back 2

idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells

Front 3

Cell Membrane

Back 3

thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Front 4

Cell Wall

Back 4

strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria

Front 5

Nucleus

Back 5

the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, large structure inside some cells that contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell’s activities

Front 6

Cytoplasm

Back 6

material inside the cell membrane—but not including the nucleus

Front 7

Prokaryote

Back 7

single-celled microorganism that lacks a nucleus

Front 8

Eukaryote

Back 8

organism whose cells contain nuclei

Front 9

Organelle

Back 9

specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell

Front 10

Chromatin

Back 10

granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins

Front 11

Chromosome

Back 11

threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next

Front 12

Nucleolus

Back 12

small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of ribosomes begins

Front 13

Nuclear Envelope

Back 13

double-membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus of a cell

Front 14

Cytoskeleton

Back 14

network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement

Front 15

Microtubule

Back 15

hollow tube of protein that maintains cell shape and can also serve as a “track” along which organelles are moved

Front 16

microfilament

Back 16

long, thin fiber that functions in the movement and support of the cell

Front 17

ribosome

Back 17

small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein

Front 18

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 18

internal membrane system in cells in which components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified

Front 19

Golgi Apparatus/ Golgi Body

Back 19

stack of membranes in the cell in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins

Front 20

lysosome

Back 20

cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell

Front 21

Vacuole

Back 21

cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Front 22

Chloroplast

Back 22

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that uses energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules by photosynthesis

Front 23

mitochondrion

Back 23

cell organelle that releases energy from stored food molecules

Front 24

lipid bilayer

Back 24

double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes

Front 25

concentration

Back 25

the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume

Front 26

diffusion

Back 26

process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated

Front 27

selective permeability

Back 27

property of biological membranes that allows only certain substances to pass through them

Front 28

osmosis

Back 28

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Front 29

active transport

Back 29

energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

Front 30

endocytosis

Back 30

process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane

Front 31

phagocytosis

Back 31

process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell

Front 32

exocytosis

Back 32

process by which a cell releases large amounts of material

Front 33

cell specialization

Back 33

separate roles for each type of cell in multicellular organisms

Front 34

tissue

Back 34

group of similar cells that perform a particular function

Front 35

Organ

Back 35

group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions

Front 36

organ system

Back 36

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function