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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the structure that makes up every living thing?
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The cell
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What was Anoton van Leeuwenhoek the first to see in the 1600s?
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the tiny organisms in a drop of water
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What did a thin slice of cork seem like to Rober Hooke when he observed it through a microscope?
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thousands of tiny chambers
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What did the German botanist Matthias Schleiden conclude?
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that all plants are made of cells
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What did the German scientist Theodor Schwann conclude?
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animals are made of cells
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How did Rudolph Virchow summarize his years of work?
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"Where a cell exists, there must have been a preexisting cell."
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What are the three concepts that make up the cell theory?
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all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells
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Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own genettic information in the form of:
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DNA
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Biologist Lynn Margulis suggested that mitochondria and chloroplasts are descendants of what kind of organsims?
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ancient prokaryotes
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Cell Structure:
Cytoskeleton |
Factory Part:
steel beams and columns |
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Cell Structure:
Nucleus |
Factory Part:
main office |
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Cell Structure:
Ribosome |
Factory Part:
factory machines |
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Cell Structure:
Golgi apparatus |
Factory Part:
customization shop |
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Cell Structure:
chloroplasts |
Factory Part:
solar power plants |
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Cell Structure:
mitochondria |
Factory Part:
oil-burning furnaces |
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prokayotes (defenition)
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organisms whose cells lack nuclei
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prokayotes (examples)
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bacteria, Escherichia coli (in the intestines), and Staphylococcus aureus (in infections)
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eukaryotes (definition)
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organisms whose cells contain nuclei
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eukaryotes (examples)
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plants, animals, and fungi
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True about prokaryotes:
a. They grow and reproduce b. Many are large, multicellular organisms c. They are more complex than cells of eukaryotes d. They have cell membranes and cytoplasm |
A, B, and D
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What is an organelle?
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specialized structures that perform important cellular functions
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Are all eukaryotes large, multicellular organisms?
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no, but many are. Some are single-celled organisms.
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In what organisms are cell walls found?
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plants, algae, fungi, and nearly all prokaryotes - not animal
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Is the following true of false:
the cell wall lies inside the cell membrane |
false, the cell wall lies outside the cell membrane
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What is the main function of the cell wall?
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to provide support and protection for the cell
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What are plant cell walls mostly made of?
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cellulose, a tough carbohydrate fiber
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Is the following true or false:
some cell structures are specific to either plant or animal cells |
true
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Ribosome (description)
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small particle of RNA and protein that produces protein following instructions from nucleus
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Endoplasmic reticulum (description)
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an internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed
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Golgi apparatus (description)
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stack of membranes in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins
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Lysosome (description)
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filled with enzymes used to break down food into particles that can be used
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Vacuole (description)
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saclike structure that stores materials
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chloroplast (description)
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uses energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food
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mitochondrion (description)
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uses energy from food to make high-energy compounds
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the process that occurs in chloroplasts is called:
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photosynthesis
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Is the following true or false:
both cloroplasts and mitochondria are enclosed by two envelope membranes |
true
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Animal cells contain which of the following?:
a. chloroplasts b. lysosomes c. cytoskeleton d. ER |
B, C, and D
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Plant cells contain which of the following?:
a. cell wall b. ER c. lysosomes d. chloroplast |
A, B, and D
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a theory that states that all living things are composed of cells
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cell theory
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Cell Membrane (function)
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gatekeeper to control what enters/leaves the cell. present in ALL cells
(BOTH) |
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Cell Wall (function)
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outer support and strength
(PLANT) |
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Nucleus (function)
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manages cell functions. contains DNA
(BOTH) |
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Nucleolus (function)
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makes ribosomes
(BOTH) |
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Mitochondria (function)
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oxidizes (burns) food to release energy
(BOTH) |
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Endoplasmic reticulum (function)
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Provides sufrace area for making proteins, modifies some proteins, network for transporting the proteins throughout the cell
(BOTH) |
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Golgi apparatus (function)
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packages, stores, and secretes protein products - UPS of the cell
(BOTH) |
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Lysosome (function)
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contains enzymes that break down large molecules, worn out cell parts, or whole cells
(ANIMAL) |
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Cytoplasm (function)
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all of the functions collectively, area inside cell including everying but the nucleus
(BOTH) |
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Microfilament (function)
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causes movement within cell, internal support/shape
(BOTH) |
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Chloroplast (function)
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convert sunlight energy into chemical (food) energy
(PLANT) |
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Vacuole (function)
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stores food, water, salts, proteins, and wastes; many plants have one large central vacuole
(BOTH) |
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Microtubules (function)
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hollow tubes - internal support; unit parts of cilia, flangella, centrioles
(BOTH) |
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Ribosomes (function)
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workers, assemble the proteins
(BOTH) |
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Centrioles (function)
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aid in cell division
(ANIMAL) |
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Nuclear envelope (function)
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surrounds nuclues, allows information carrying molecules to pass out of the rest of the cells - RNA
(BOTH) |
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Chromatin (function)
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contains coded instructions for making proteins, ususally spread throught the nucleus
(BOTH) |
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Cilia (function)
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contains coded instructions, spread throught the nucleus
(BOTH) |
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Flagella (function)
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larger than cilia, 20 cell lengths a second
(ANIMAL) |
