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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A ___________ is a large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together.
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polymer
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How are polymers formed?
___________: small molecules covalently bonded together to make a polymer and H20 (water). |
condensation
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How are polymers formed?
___________: breaks apart polymers, by adding H20. |
hydrolysis
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Anything that possesses all the characteristics of life.
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organism
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Carbon:
4 _________ available for __________. |
electrons
bonding |
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Carbon:
Forms 4 covalent bonds: |
single bond, double bond, and triple bond.
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Chemical + electrons =
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ability
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Center of an atom. Contains protons and neutrons.
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nucleus
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Positively charged particle.
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protons
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Particles with no charge.
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neutron
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Extremely small, negatively charged particles in the region of space surrounding the nucleus.
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electrons
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Breaks apart polymers, by adding H20.
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hydrolysis
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Large organic compounds.
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biomolecules
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Proteins are examples of ________ that are found in organisms.
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biomolecules
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Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different three-dimensional structures are called ___________.
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isomers
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Measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.
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pH
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ph scale = ____________
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0-14
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Acids and Bases:
7= _______ <7= _______ >7= ________ |
neutral
acid base |
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Any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water.
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acid
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Any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.
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base
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Atoms of same element that have different numbers of neutrons.
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isotopes
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Refer to isotope by total # of __________ and ___________ in nucleus.
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protons
neutrons |
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Six protons, six neutrons.
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carbon
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Carbon-13: ___________ protons, __________ neutrons.
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six
seven |
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Useful to scientists because of ______________________ caused by instability of nucleus.
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radioactivity
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Culculation # of molecules of an atom is . . .
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4 elements
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen |
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___________ energy level = _________ electrons max
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1st
2 |
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2nd _______ level = 8 _________ max
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energy
electrons |
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3rd energy ___________ = 18 electrons __________
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level
max |
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___________ levels filled __________, then move to next energy level.
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inner
first |
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Atoms have ________ because protons = electrons.
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no charge
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Large biomolecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen, a little oxygen.
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lipids
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Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids are all __________.
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lipids
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If each carbon in the chain is bonded to other carbons by single bonds, the fatty acid is said to be _____________.
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saturated
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If a double bond is present in the cahin, the fatty acid is _____________.
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unsaturated
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1827, Robert ____________: observed pollen grains in water moving about.
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Brown
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__________ movement of atoms and molecules.
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random
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_______________ of gases, liquids, some solids.
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characteristic
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_____________ Energy + energy in motion.
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kinetic
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Particles of matter are in ____________ motion and _________ with each other.
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constant
collide |
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The condition in which there is continuous movement but no overall concentration change is called ____________.
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dynamic equilibrium
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An atom (or group of atoms) that gain or loses electrons.
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ion
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Why do atoms form on ion?
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Some atoms combine by gaining or losing electrons in their outer energy levels.
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The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
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diffusion
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The process of diffusion is ________ and relies on _________ movement.
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slow
random |
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Three key factors affect the rate of diffusion: ____________, _____________, and ____________.
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concentration
temperature pressure |
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Ratio of CH0 biomolecule, acid vs. base
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(OH vs. H)
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