Biology Chapter 6

Front 1

Eukaryotic Cell

Back 1

found in animals, most DNA in the nucleus

Front 2

Prokaryotic Cell

Back 2

found in bacteria, most DNA in nucleoid

Front 3

How are a eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell the same? How are they different?

Back 3

Different: Animals-Bacteria, location of DNA

Same: bounded by the plasma membrane

Front 4

Ribosomes

Back 4

complexes that make proteins, bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope

Front 5

Rough ER

Back 5

Ribosome studded, makes secretory proteins

Front 6

Smooth ER

Back 6

outer surface lack ribosomes, functions in synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs and poisons ,and storage of calcium ions

Front 7

Golgi Apparatus

Back 7

synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products

Front 8

Endomembrane System

Back 8

includes: nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER and smooth ER), golgi apparatus, lysosomes, various vesicles and vacuoles, and plasma membrane

Front 9

Mitochondria

Back 9

organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated

Front 10

Chloroplasts

Back 10

Photosynthetic organelle, converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules

Front 11

How are mitochondria and chloroplasts the same? How are they different?

Back 11

same: change energy from one form to another, autonomous,

different:chloroplast found only in animal cells, mitochondria found in plant and animal cells,

Front 12

Endosymbiont Theory

Back 12

eukaryotic cell engulfed a prokaryotic cell-> formed a relationship-> cell living within another cell

Front 13

Cytoskeleton

Back 13

reinforces cells shape, functions in cell movement

Front 14

Cilia

Back 14

aids in movement of a cell

Front 15

Microtubials

Back 15

found in cilia and flagella, hollow rods

Front 16

Flagella

Back 16

mobility structure present in some animal cells, extension of the plasma membrane

Front 17

Cell Wall

Back 17

outer layer that maintains a cells shape and protects the cell from damage, made of cellulose and protein, only found in plant cells

Front 18

Plasmodesmata

Back 18

channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells

Front 19

Extracellular Matrix

Back 19

animal cells lack cell walls so this helps with the use of collagen for cells to keep its shape

Front 20

Animal Cell Junctions

Back 20

3 main ones: Gap junctions, tight junctions, desmosomes

Front 21

Tight Junction

Back 21

pasma membranes of neighboring cells are tightly pressed against each other, bound together by specific proteins, forming seals around the cells, prevents leakage of extracellular fluid

Front 22

Desmosomes

Back 22

fastens cells together, attach muscle cells to each other

Front 23

Gap Junctions

Back 23

channels from one cell and its adjacent cell: ions, sugars, amino acids, and other small molecules may pass through these channels
helps cells communicate

Front 24

Cytoplasm

Back 24

the interior of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane

Front 25

Plasma Membrane

Back 25

acts as a barrier that allows enough oxygen, nutrients and waste to service the entire cell, outermost living part in a plant cell

Front 26

Nucleus

Back 26

contains most of the genes in a cell

Front 27

Central Vacuole

Back 27

storage and breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules, helps plant growth

Front 28

Peroxisome

Back 28

organelle with various specialized metabolic functions. produced hydrogen peroxide then converts into water

Front 29

Lysosome

Back 29

Digestive organelle

Front 30

Centrosome

Back 30

region where the cells microtubules are started