Biology Chapter 6

Front 1

Atom

Back 1

Building blocks of matter

Front 2

Nucleus

Back 2

Neutron a and protons are located in the middle of the atom

Front 3

Protons

Back 3

positively charged particles

Front 4

neutrons

Back 4

particles that have no charge

Front 5

electrons

Back 5

negativley charged partilces

Front 6

element

Back 6

pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means

Front 7

isotopes

Back 7

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called this.

Front 8

compound

Back 8

is a pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine

Front 9

covalent bond

Back 9

the chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared

Front 10

molecule

Back 10

a compound in which atoms are held toghether by covalent bonds

Front 11

ion

Back 11

an ato that has lost or gained one or more electrons

Front 12

van der waals forces

Back 12

named for Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, who first described the phenomenon. The strength of the attractions depends on the size of the molecule, its shape, and its ability to Attract electrons

Front 13

chemical reaction

Back 13

is the process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorginized into different substances.

Front 14

ionic bond

Back 14

is an electrical attraction between two oppostiely charged atoms

Front 15

reactants

Back 15

the starting substances. on the left side of the arrow

Front 16

products

Back 16

the substances formed during the reaction, are on the right side of the arrow

Front 17

activatio energy

Back 17

the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction

Front 18

catalyst

Back 18

is a subastance tta lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Front 19

enzymes

Back 19

the biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in biological processes

Front 20

substrates

Back 20

the reactants that bind to the enzyme

Front 21

active site

Back 21

the specific location where a substrate binds on a enzyme

Front 22

polar molecules

Back 22

molecules that have a unequal distribution of charges are called

Front 23

hydrogen bond

Back 23

is a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom.

Front 24

mixture

Back 24

is a combination or two or more substances in which each substance retains its individual characteristics and properties

Front 25

solution

Back 25

is a substance in which another substance is dissolved

Front 26

solute

Back 26

is the substance that is disssolved in the solvent

Front 27

acids

Back 27

substances that release hydrogen ions when they are dissolved in water

Front 28

bases

Back 28

substances that realease hydroxide ions

Front 29

pH

Back 29

the measure of concentration of h+ in a solution.

Front 30

Buffers

Back 30

are mixtures that can react witth acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range

Front 31

macromolecules

Back 31

are large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together

Front 32

Polymers

Back 32

are molecules made from repeating units of identical compunds called monomers that are linked toghether by a series of covalent bonds.

Front 33

carbohydrates

Back 33

compunds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom.

Front 34

Lipids

Back 34

are molecules made of mostly of carbon and hydrogen that make up the fats, oils, and waxes.

Front 35

Protein

Back 35

is a primary building block of living things

Front 36

amino acids

Back 36

are small compounds that are made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfer

Front 37

Nucleic acids

Back 37

are complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information

Front 38

nucleotides

Back 38

shows the basic structure od a nucleotide and nucleic acid