Biology Chapter 6

Front 1

Diffusion

Back 1

The net movement of the particles of a substance from a more concentrated area to a less

Front 2

equilibrium

Back 2

the ratio of solutes is the same on both sides of the membrane

Front 3

Selectively permeable

Back 3

allows sub stances to cross the membrane more easily

Front 4

passive transport

Back 4

diffusion across the membrane, does not take energy

Front 5

facilitated diffusion

Back 5

transport proteins help move certain molecules across the membrane

Front 6

Osmosis

Back 6

the passive transports of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Front 7

active transport

Back 7

process where expend energy to move molecules or ions across a membrane. takes energy

Front 8

vesicles

Back 8

small membrane sacs that specialize in moving production into, out of and within a cell.

Front 9

Cell theory

Back 9

All living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, all cells come from other cells.

Front 10

Micrographs

Back 10

photographs of the view through a microscope

Front 11

Organelle

Back 11

Cell part with specific function

Front 12

Plasma Membrane

Back 12

The thin outer covering in both animal and plant cells

Front 13

cytoplasm

Back 13

The area of the cell between the nucleus and plasma membrane

Front 14

cell wall

Back 14

Strong outer layer that protects the plant cell and maintains its shape

Front 15

Prokaryotic Cells

Back 15

do not have a nucleus and lack most other organelles

Front 16

Eukaryotic Cells

Back 16

have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane and have other organelles with membranes

Front 17

Phospholipid bilayer

Back 17

two layer sandwich of phospholipids

Front 18

Hypertonic

Back 18

solution has a higher concentration of solute

Front 19

Hypotonic

Back 19

solution as a lower concentration of solute

Front 20

Isotonic

Back 20

same concentration of solute

Front 21

Exocytosis

Back 21

a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and spills its contents OUTSIDE of the cell

Front 22

Endocytosis

Back 22

vesicles bud INWARD from the plasma membrane and carry materials INTO The cell.

Front 23

Nuclear envelope

Back 23

Pair of membranes that surrounds the cell nucleus

Front 24

Nucleus

Back 24

Contains DNA and directs cells activities

Front 25

Nucleolus

Back 25

The ball-like mass that makes ribosomes

Front 26

Ribosomes

Back 26

clusters of proteins and nucleic acids that build new proteins

Front 27

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 27

a continuous network of membranes throughout the cell. There are two distinct regions

Front 28

Rough ER

Back 28

has ribosomes attached to it

Front 29

Smooth ER

Back 29

Does not have ribosomes and performs many different functions

Front 30

Golgi Apparatus

Back 30

an organelle that modifies, stores, and sends proteins and other chemicals to their next destinations.

Front 31

Vacuoles

Back 31

storage places for undigested nutrients

Front 32

Lysosomes

Back 32

membrane-bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes that break down large molecules

Front 33

Chloroplast

Back 33

the organelles found in some plant cells where photosynthesis takes place

Front 34

Mitochondria

Back 34

the organelles where cellular respiration takes place

Front 35

ATP

Back 35

the main energy source for cells

Front 36

Cytoskeleton

Back 36

network of fibers that supports organelles and maintains the shape of the cell

Front 37

Microtubules

Back 37

straight, hollow tubes of protein that make a cell rigid and give it shape and organization

Front 38

Microfilaments

Back 38

thinner, solid rods of protein that enable a cell to move or change shape

Front 39

Flagella

Back 39

long, thin, whip-like structures with a core of microtubules.

Front 40

Cilia

Back 40

shorter and more numerous than flagella. Core of microtubules, but move with a back-and-forth motion