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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Capacity to perform work
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Energy
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First law of thermodynamics
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A.) energy can change forms but can't be created/destroyed- energy is always "conserved"
B.) energy in a closed system always remains constant |
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2nd law of thermodynamics
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A.) In a closed system, you can't finish any real physical process with as much useful energy as you had to start with-released as hear etc...
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Measure of the disorder in a system
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Entropy
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A mass of matter that's moving performs work by transferring it's motion to other matter
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Kinetic energy
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Capacity to perform work that matter processes as a result of it's location or arrangement
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Potential energy
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Tendency for particles of any kind to spread out spontaneously to regions where they are less concentrated. Requires no work.
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Diffusion
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Does diffusion require work?
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No
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Liquid consisting of a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, consisting of a dissolving agent, the solvent, and a substance, that's dissolved, the solute
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Solution
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An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area.
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Concentration gradient
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Solutions of equal solute concentration
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Isotonic
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Solution with a higher concentration of a solute
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Hypertonic
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Solution with the lower concentra
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Hypotonic
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Concentration of the solute is the same through the solutions
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Equilibrium
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Powers nearly all forms of cellular work
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ATP
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Membrane plasma, exocytosis, endocytosis, requires atp
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Active transport
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Allows materials to pass in and out of the cell
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Membrane plasma
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Transport of material out of a cell by means of sac or vesicle
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Exocytosis
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Phagocytosis and pinicytosis are part of
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Endocytosis
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Ingestion of smaller cell of fragment, a microorganism, or foreign products
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Phagocytosis
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Infections of a small liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane
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Pinicytosis
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Simple diffusion, osmosis, ion channels, no ATP required-down concentration gradient)
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Passive transport
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When a substance passes through a membrane without the aid of an intermediary
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Simple diffusion
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Process by which molecules of solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one. This equalizes the concentration on both sides of the membrane
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Osmosis
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Pore-forming membrane proteins
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Ion channels
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Carrier protein
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Facilitated diffusion
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Occurs when a cell bursts due to an osmotic Imbalance that has cause extra water to move into the cell
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Cytolysis
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Pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall of a plant, bacteria, and fungi cells as well as those protist cells which have cell walls
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Turgor pressure
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Process by which cells lose water in a hypotonic solution
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Plasmolysos
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Enzymes act as what
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Catalysts (speed reactions)
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EA
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Activation energy
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EA does...
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Enzymes lower activation energy
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2 things affect/denaturize enzymes
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Heat/temp and PH level
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Competitive onhibition
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Competing for active site
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Non competitive inhibition
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Grabs onto active site and it tweaks so it can't fit together anymore
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Objects at what temp diffuse fastest
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High
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Taking in big chunks of food
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Endocytosis
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Organelle that pumps fast moving in water
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Contractive vacuole
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Carrier proteins
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Used during passive transport
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Bulky and going iut
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Exocytosis
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Osmo regulation
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Regulating osmosis
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Lowering activation energy (EA)
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energy required to get a reaction started
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