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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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passive transport
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the movement of substances across the cell membrane without input energy from the cell
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diffusion
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the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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concentration gradient
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the difference in the concentration of molecules across a space
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equilibrium
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when the concentration of molecules in a substance are the same throughout a space
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osmosis
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when water molecules diffuse from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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hypotonic
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when the concentration of molecules inside the cell is greater than the concentration outside; water diffuses into the cell to achieve equilibrium (swollen) (pushes on cell wall)
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hypertonic
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when concentration of molecules outside the cell is greater than the concentration inside (shrivelled) (pulls away from cell wall)
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isotonic
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when the amount of molecules outside the cell is the same as the amount inside
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turgor pressure
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pressure water molecules exert against the cell wall
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plasmolysis
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in a hypertonic environment water leaves cell and cell pulls away from cell wall and turgor pressure is lost
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cytolysis
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the bursting of cells
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facilitated diffusion
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movement of molecules across cell membrane with help of special proteins
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carrier proteins
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proteins (often passages for molecules) that help molecules diffuse when they are unable to otherwise
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active transport
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when cells move materials up their concentration gradient (lower concentration to higher concentration)
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endocytosis
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cells ingest external fluid, large particles, and other cells
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pinocytosis
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transport of fluids (type of endocytosis)
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phagocytosis
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movement of large particles or entire cells (type of endocytosis)
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phagocytes
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cells that ingest bacteria and viruses and destroy them
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exocytosis
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reverse of endocytosis; vesicles fuse with cell membrane to release contents
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