Biology Chapter 44

Front 1

population

Back 1

members of a particular species in an area.

Front 2

population ecology

Back 2

Studies how population grow and what factors promote and limit growth

Front 3

quadrat

Back 3

A square frame is enclosed and they count the number of plants of a given species inside the quadrat.

Front 4

line transect

Back 4

You stretch out a long piece of string and count the number of a species found along the string.

Front 5

mark-recapture technique

Back 5

When you mark them, then release them. After marking them they mix with the normal populatio

Front 6

demography

Back 6

the study of birth rates, death rates, age distributions, and sizes of populations

Front 7

life table

Back 7

a table that provides data on the number of individuals alive in each particular age class

Front 8

survivorship curve

Back 8

plotting the number of indivudals alive vs their age.

Front 9

exponential growth

Back 9

When r is above 0 it forms a J shaped curve of exponential growth.

Front 10

logistic growth

Back 10

forms a S shaped curve that slows down when you approach K

Front 11

carrying capacity

Back 11

The maximum population size that can be sustained in an environment.

Front 12

competitive exclusion principle

Back 12

two species occupying the same niche can not live in the same enviroment

Front 13

niche

Back 13

live in the same place and use the same resources

Front 14

resource partitioning

Back 14

describes the differentiation between niches

Front 15

mutualism

Back 15

Interaction that benefits both species

Front 16

mimicry

Back 16

When two toxic species converge to look the same (Mullerian) or when a nontoxic species looks like a toxic one (Batesian)

Front 17

Describe techniques ecologists use to measure population size and density.

Back 17

You mark out an area, you use a string, you catch and release.

Front 18

Know how to calculate total population size based on the mark and recapture method.

Back 18

total population = (number of marks x total on second catch)/(number of marked recaptures in second catch)

Front 19

Differentiate between type I, II, and III survivorship curves and give examples of organisms that exhibit each of those
types of curves.

Back 19

Type I - Most die late in life

Type II - Uniform curve

Type III - Most die young

Front 20

Know what N, B, D, b, d, r, and K stand for in reference to population growth equations. Be able to calculate dN/dt in
exponential or logistic growth conditions and to recognize exponential and logistic growth curves.

Back 20

N - population

B - Birth per unit of time

D - Death per unit of time

b - birth rate per capita

d - death rate per capita

r - b-d

K - carry capacity

Front 21

How do different r values affect population growth?

Back 21

an r above 0 means the growth is going to be exponential

Front 22

Discuss human population growth using the terms carrying capacity, total fertility rates and ecological footprint.

Back 22

this is pretty simply. Some countries have different fertility. People have ecological footprints which make life worse. Carry capacity for humans is ~12 billion.

Front 23

Understand the species interaction relationships summarized in Table 44.2 and give specific examples of each.

Back 23

Competition (-/-)

Amensalism(-/0)

Predation(+/-)

Mulualism(+/+)

Commensalism(+/0)

Front 24

Describe defenses that have evolved against predation and against herbivory.

Back 24

camouflage, mimicry, displays of intimidation, armor and weaponry