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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Non-Infectious
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disease cannot be caught
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5 non-infectious diseases
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cancer- skin cancer
Deficiancy disease- lacking vitamins or minerals Hereditary- Down Syndrome, Cystic Fibrosis Deginerative Diseases- worn out joints (Arthritis), heart Enviromental- Asbestos |
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Infectious
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spread easily
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7 ways to get an infectious disease
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Eating Food
Air Water Contact Transfusion Vector Pathogens |
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How do you clean water so it's not carrying anything infectious?
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clean with chlorine
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Ways to get infectious diseases by contact
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Indirect Contact- drink after someone, pencil in mouth
Direct Contact- Shake hand. more flu and cold spread, also Mono, Pinkeye, and Hep B |
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Infectious diseases by Transfussion
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blood transfusions- AIDS, hepatitis, malaria, Lyme disease
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Infectious Vectors
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Organisms that cause, not carry diseases
Aedes Misquito- yellow fever Anopholes Misquito- malaria Dog tick- RMSF Deer tick- Lyme disease Tsetse Fly- Africa Sleeping Sickness Rat Flea- Black plague Lice- (clean hair) Typhus fever Humans- Typhoid Fever- Typhoid Mary and tuberculosis |
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Infectious Pathogens
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Disease causing organisms
Viruses- Pnuoemia Bacteria-Strept Throat, Staph, Ecoli Protozoa- one that causes malaria Spirochetes- cause Syphillis Rickettsiaa- Rocky Mt. Spider Fever Prions- cause mad cow, has nothing to do with living things is a protein Viroid- cause plant diseases Mycoplasmas- cause form of pnuoemia Fungi- ringworm and athletes foot |
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Edward Jenner
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made 1st vaccine. observations on dairy maids. put pus from cow pox on boy open wound then put small pox pus on as vaccine.
dangers- severe or fatal cases, contagious until completely healed |
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CDC
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centers for disease control
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WHO
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World health Organization
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Egyptians
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treated small pox by using pus from small pox
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Pasteur
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made vaccine against anthrax and rabies (hydrophobia)(attacks nervous system. less dangerous if rubbed into a wound rather than breathe.
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What was pasteur's experiment?
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infected 14 rabbits with rabbies. killed one per day take out spinal cord and dry it. take spinal cord from first rabit and make vacine. give shot to next rabbit. gives it weak pathogens.
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Iwanowski
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studied TMV. used clay filters to catch bacteria. First to see how a virus works- could not see it in clay filters
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TMV
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tobacco mosaic virus. called mosaic b/c caused yellow spots
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Beijerinck
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named viruses. means poison. used clay filters
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Louis Pasteur
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develpoed 2nd vaccine against anthrax. developed 3rd vaccine against rabies. rabbits tested
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Endemic
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disease locally (colds) always around (Ebola disease)
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Epidemic
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large portion of population has dissease- Flu, measles
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Pandemic
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worldwide epidemic (1918 Influenze 20 million ppl died)
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main ways to control infectious viruses in the past
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Quarintine. not involving vectors is vaccine
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Virology
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study of Viruses
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Wendell Stanley. (ex.)
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first to 'see' a virus. TMV crystal- electron microscope
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Jonas Salk
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developed first polio vaccine. used 'killed' viruses. did not give complete immunity. could be a carrier. given a shot
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Albert Sabin
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oral polio vaccine. used live viruses but less virulent. complete immunity. protected the person and prevented them from becoming a carrier. did not require a booster shot. it was given on a sugar cube or in a syrup
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How do viruses cause disease?
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killing cells- lytic cycle
Changing the rate of mitosis-warts, tumor, cancer |
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Virus structure (3)
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Envelope- surrounds the capsid. composed of proteins, lypids. and glocoproteins
Capsid- protein coat Core-contains nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA (never both) |
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Bacteriophages
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bacteria killers
Shapes- Rodlike (TMV helical) Polyhedral (manysided-spheric) |
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Specificity
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usually each type of virus only infects a specific host
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specific virus
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infect almost every kind of organisms from bacteria to mammals
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Lytic Cycle: and order of stages (5)
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cause cell to lyse (burst)
Infection Penetration Replication and synthesis Assembly Release IPRAR |
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Lysogenic cycle and ex.
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latent period.
virus inserts itself into the host chromo (provirus). when chromo duplicates so does the virus. Type 1 Herpes suplex binds in nerve cells on the face. sunshine or stree can make them become active. |
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Outer Body Defenses
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Skin- dead. main. waterproof
Hair- in nostrils. and mucus helps trap particles Mucus- in respritory system (nose, trechea, lungs)traps. Cila- move the mucus with its particles to the throat Tears- protects the eyes by wash, salt, and lysozyme Acids in stomach- pathogens are destroyed. some may escape b/c protective covering |
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Inner Body Defenses (4)
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Liver- clean blood (filter)
Spleen- filters blood White blood cells- (phagocytes) engulf pathogens in liver, spleen, blood, and lymphnodes Antibodies- made in responce to foriegn antibodies |
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Kinds of Immunity
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naturally aquired passive
naturally aquired active Artificially aquired passive artificially aquired active |
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naturally aquired passive
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from man. body makes the antibodies. temporary.
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naturally aquired active
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recovering from a disease. you make antibodies. more or less permenent
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artificially aquired passive
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from a serum contains antibodies. some other animal makes the antibodies. requires booster shots (tetnus)
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artificially aquired active
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from a vaccine. you make the antibodies. contains dead or weakened pathogens.
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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
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1st to see bacteria. observed the bacteria in the plaque of his teeth.
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Louis pasteur
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father of bacteriology. first to study it extensivly. swan necked flasks
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Roert Koch
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developed the germ theory of infectious disease
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Julius Richard Petri
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developed the petri dish for growing cultures of bacteria
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The basic shapes of bacteria
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bacillus- rods
spirillum- coiled Filamentous- thread like coccus- shperical |
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coccus prefixes (6)
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coccus- 1
diplicocci- 2 staphylococci- pyramid streptococci- chain sarcina- cube of 8 tetrad- 4 |
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Characteristics of bacteria (5)
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-lack of nucleus (prokaryote)
-chromo has single circle of DNA (plasmid) -reproduce by binary fission -mvmt, flagella spin and cause mvmt -pili are outgrowth that allow bacteria to attach to other cells |
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Structure of bacteria (4)
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-cell wall surrounds cell membrane. gram pos. and neg.
-cell membrane -capsule, gel like layer -endospore, surrounds the plasmid and a bit of cytoplasm (avoids harsh conditions) |
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Conditions necessary for bacterial growth (4)
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Food- parasites on living things and saprophytes, decomposers on dead things
Moisture- dry foods never spoil Oxygen- aerobes require oxygen. anaerobes do not Right temp.-those that ause disease in people grow best at basic temp 98.6 |
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10 ways to control bacteria
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-drying- no moisture. food never spoils
-salt- removes moisture and dries out bacteria (slug) -canning- heat, pressure, no oxy unless anaerobic -pasteurization-heating enough to kill all pathogenic bacteria -sterilization-heating enough o kill all bacteria -ultra violet light-grocery store meat counter, barber shop, goggles cabinent -sugar-used like salt to remove moisture(jams) -radiation- kills all that can be stored w/o refridge -chemical preservatives(BHT) -fever- heats up the body and bacteria die |
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only disease to become extinct because of human efforts
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smallpox
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when are tears produced?
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all the time
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2 viral diseases
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polio, measles, flu, cold
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serum vs. vaccine
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S- contains antibodies
V- weakened or dead pathogens |
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how can you tell if someone has had smallpox?
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scar on left arm from pox shot
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most important function of bacteria
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decomposition
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reason bacteria is important to us
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flavor on cheese, milk, yogurt
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very first vaccine
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smallpox
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why do bacteria not grow well on surface of things?
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sunlight
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gram positive
gram negitive |
pos- stained purple
neg- stained pink |
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2 main parts of virus
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capsid and core
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1967
1977 1918 |
-WHO wanted to wipeout smallpox
-last case of smallpox -pandemic of flu |
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what does vaccine, virus, and influenza mean?
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-cow
-poison -influence of the planets |
