Biology Chapter 3 Flash Cards

Front 1

Atoms

Back 1

Atoms are the submicroscopic particles that make up all matter.

Front 2

Matter

Back 2

This is what makes up all things in the universe; it takes up space and has mass.

Front 3

Chemistry

Back 3

This is the science of matter.

Front 4

Protons

Back 4

This is found at the core of an atom; it has mass that carries a positive charge.

Front 5

Neutron

Back 5

This is found at the core of an atom; it has mass that carry no charge

Front 6

Electron

Back 6

These surround the core of the atom; they carry negative charges.

Front 7

Elements

Back 7

These are pure substances that are made up of a single kind of atom, and cannot be separated into different substances.

Front 8

Atomic Number

Back 8

The number of protons in an atom.

Front 9

Isotopes

Back 9

These are atoms that have the same number of protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons.

Front 10

Shell or Energy Level

Back 10

The volume of space around a nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found.

Front 11

Molecules

Back 11

Since some atoms can share electrons, the interacting ones are called molecules. They can be made up of atoms of the same element or of different elements.

Front 12

Compounds

Back 12

These are molecules that are made up of different elements and atoms that have lost or gained electrons.

Front 13

Ions

Back 13

These are atoms that have lost of gained electrons.

Front 14

Octet Rule

Back 14

This is one of the factors that determine wither a atom will interact with other atoms. It is the tendency of the energy level of electrons to be full.

Front 15

Chemical Bonds

Back 15

These are forces that hold atoms together.

Front 16

Covalent

Back 16

When atoms bond by sharing outer shell electrons.

Front 17

Ionic

Back 17

When atoms that have lost or gained electrons bond by attraction of opposing electrical charges.

Front 18

Oxidation

Back 18

This means to “combine with oxygen.” It is when an atom loses an electron.

Front 19

Reduction

Back 19

This is the process of when an atom loses an electron.

Front 20

Redox Reactions

Back 20

Oxidation and reduction always take place at the same time, this is called redox reaction.

Front 21

Single, Double and Triple Bonds

Back 21

This refers to the number of electrons that are shared; the more electrons the harder the bonds are to break.

Front 22

Polar Molecules

Back 22

These are molecules that have opposite partial charges at different ends of the molecule.

Front 23

Hydrogen Bonds

Back 23

These are bonds that are between water molecules.

Front 24

Ionization

Back 24

This is a process of spontaneous ion formation.

Front 25

Acid

Back 25

This is any substance that dissociates to form H+ ions when it is dissolved in water.

Front 26

Base

Back 26

This is any substance that combines of accepts H+, as OH ions do.

Front 27

PH Scale

Back 27

A scale based on the slight degree of spontaneous ionization of water.