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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acid
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A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
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acid precipitation
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Rain, snow, or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.2.
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adhesion
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The attraction between different kinds of molecules.
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aqueous solution
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A solution in which water is the solvent.
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base
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A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
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buffer
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A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
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calorie (cal)
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The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C; also the amount of heat energy that 1 g of water releases when it cools by 1°C. The Calorie (with a capital C), usually used to indicate the energy content of food, is a kilocalorie.
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Celsius scale
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A temperature scale (°C) equal to 5/9(°F – 32) that measures the freezing point of water at 0°C and the boiling point of water at 100°C.
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cohesion
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The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds.
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colloid
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A mixture made up of a liquid and particles that (because of their large size) remain suspended rather than dissolved in that liquid.
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emergent properties
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New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases.
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evaporative cooling
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The process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a change of the molecules with the greatest kinetic energy from the liquid to the gaseous state.
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heat
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The total amount of kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms or molecules in a body of matter; also called thermal energy. Heat is energy in its most random form.
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heat of vaporization
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The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state.
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hydration shell
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The sphere of water molecules around a dissolved ion.
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