Biology Chapter 29

Front 1

land plants evolved from?

Back 1

green algae called charophyceans

Front 2

what are the four key traits land plants share with the common ancestor?

Back 2

-rod shaped complexes for celluose synthesis
-peroxisome enzymes-structure of flagellated sperm
-formation of phragmoplast

Front 3

charophyceans

Back 3

green algae that is the closest relative to land plants.

Front 4

sporopollenin

Back 4

a layer of durable polyer that prevents exposed zygotes from drying up

Front 5

land plants posses a set of ___

Back 5

dervied terrestrial adaptations

Front 6

many adaptions of land plants

Back 6

emerged after they diverged from common ancestor charophycean

Front 7

the five key traits that plants have that there ancestor didnt?

Back 7

-apical meristems
-altheration of generations
walled spores produced in sporangia
-multicellular gametangia
-multicellular dependent embryos

Front 8

meristems

Back 8

is a tissue in plants consisting of undifferentiated cells

Front 9

alternation of generations

Back 9

is a reproductive cycle of certain plants, fungi, and protists.

Front 10

fossils indicate plants were on land ___ years ago

Back 10

475 million

Front 11

land plants can be informally grouped based on the presence or absence of ?

Back 11

vascular tissue

Front 12

vascular issue

Back 12

is a complex tissue found in vascular plants, meaning that it is composed of more than one cell type.

Front 13

bryophytes are represented by three phyla which are?

Back 13

liverworts - hepatophyta
hornworts - anthocerophyta
mosses - bryophyta

Front 14

in all three bryophyte phyla

Back 14

gametophytes are larger and longer living than sporophytes

Front 15

Describe the life cycle of a moss.

Back 15

The life of a moss starts from a haploid spore, which germinates to produce a protonema, which is either a mass of filaments or thalloid (flat and thallus-like). This is a transitory stage in the life of a moss. From the protonema grows the gametophore ("gamete-bearer") that is differentiated into stems and leaves ('microphylls'). From the tips of stems or branches develop the sex organs of the mosses. The female organs are known as archegonia (sing. archegonium) and are protected by a group of modified leaves known as the perichaetum (plural, perichaeta). The archegonia have necks called venters which the male sperm swim down. The male organs are known as antheridia (singular antheridium) and are enclosed by modified leaves called the perigonium (plural, perigonia).

Front 16

three things about bryophtye gametophytes?

Back 16

-produced flagellated sperm in antheridia
-produce ova in archegonia
-generally form ground-hugging carpets and are at most only a few cells thick.

Front 17

two things about bryophte sporophytes?

Back 17

-grow out of archegonia
-consist of a foot, a seta, and a sporangium

Front 18

peat moss

Back 18

can be used as a fuel source, plays an important role in the carbon cycle

Front 19

brpyophyte and brophyte like plants were?

Back 19

the prevailent vegetation during the first 100 million years of plant evolution

Front 20

sporophytes of seedless vascular ?

Back 20

are the larger generation

Front 21

vascular plants have two types of vasucular tissue :

Back 21

xylem and phloem

Front 22

xylem

Back 22

-conducts most of the water and minerals
-includes dead cells called tracheids

Front 23

phloem

Back 23

-distributes sugars, amino acids, and other organic products
- consisting of living cells

Front 24

roots

Back 24

-are organs that anchor vascular plants
-enable vascular plants to absorb water and nutrients from the soil

Front 25

leaves

Back 25

are organs that increase the surface area of vascular plants, allowing more solar energy for photosynthesis

Front 26

what are the two types of leaves?

Back 26

microphylls-leaves with a single vein
megaphylls-leaves with a highly branched vascular system

Front 27

the two phyla of seedless vascular plants

Back 27

lycophyta - include club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts
pterophyta - including ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns and their relatives

Front 28

ferns are the most

Back 28

diverse seedless vascular plants

Front 29

the ancestors of modern lycophytes, horsetails,and ferns

Back 29

produced most of the coal that humans now use