Biology Chapter 24

Front 1

Adventitious Root

Back 1

roots that grow from aboveground parts of a plant, such as stems and leaves

Front 2

C3 Plant

Back 2

plant that fixes carbon using the Calvin Cycle

Front 3

C4 Plant

Back 3

plant that fixes carbon using an alternative pathway in which the first detectable product is a four-carbon compound

Front 4

Companion Cell

Back 4

of plant phloem, cell alongside a sieve tube member that carries out metabolic functions for it

Front 5

Cork Cells

Back 5

Cells that replace the epidermis of woody stems; part of the bark

Front 6

Cortex

Back 6

the outer layer of ground tissue in roots and stems of plants

Front 7

Dermal Tissue System

Back 7

The outer protective layer of dermal tissues of vascular plants

Front 8

Epidermis

Back 8

outer most layer of tissue, consisting of several layers of cells

Front 9

Fibrous Root System

Back 9

root system consisting of roots that are about the same size

Front 10

Heartwood

Back 10

dark, nonconducting wood in the center of a log

Front 11

Herbaceous Stem

Back 11

flexible, usually green (nonwoody) stem

Front 12

Lateral Bud

Back 12

bud located at a node of a stem that grows into a branch of the stem

Front 13

Internode

Back 13

area between two nodes of a plant stem

Front 14

Mesophyll

Back 14

ground tissue of a leaf

Front 15

node

Back 15

point on a plant stem from which leaves grow

Front 16

Palisade Layer

Back 16

of a leaf, cell layer of the mesophyll consisting of one or more rows of closely packed, columnar ground tissue

Front 17

Petiole

Back 17

slender stalk the supports the blade of a leaf

Front 18

Pith

Back 18

of plant stems, the inner layers of ground tissue

Front 19

Pressure-Flow Model

Back 19

the model of translocation in which pressure created by water entering a sieve tube by osmosis pushes a sugar solution from a source to a sink

Front 20

Root Hair

Back 20

extension of a epidermal cell near the root tip that aids in the absorption of water

Front 21

Sapwood

Back 21

the lighter wood in a tree trunk, containing xylem cells that conduct water

Front 22

Sieve Plate

Back 22

cluster of pores at the end of a sieve tube member

Front 23

Sieve Tube

Back 23

in phloem, a continuous strand of sieve tube members stacked end to end

Front 24

Sieve Tube Member

Back 24

type of conducting cell in the phloem of plants

Front 25

Sink

Back 25

part of a plant to which sugar is delivered

Front 26

Spongy Layer

Back 26

of a leaf, the lower portion of the mesophyll, consisting of loosely packed, spherical ground tissue cells

Front 27

Taproot System

Back 27

root system with a large central root and smaller lateral roots

Front 28

Tension-Cohesion Theory

Back 28

theory that water moves up a plant because of its cohesive properties and because of tension created by the loss of water from leaves through transpiration

Front 29

Terminal Bud

Back 29

bud that grows at the tip of the stem

Front 30

Tracheid

Back 30

a narrow, thick-walled cell of the xylem

Front 31

Transpiration

Back 31

loss of water from a plant through its stomata

Front 32

Vascular Bundle

Back 32

cluster of vascular tissue in a leaf or a herbaceous stem that contains both xylem and phloem

Front 33

Vascular Tissue System

Back 33

of plants, system that conducts water, mineral nutrients, and organic molecules made by photosynthesis

Front 34

Vessel

Back 34

tube of xylem tissue from a series of vessel elements stacked end to end

Front 35

Vessel Element

Back 35

in plant vascular tissue, xylem cell the conducts water

Front 36

Woody Stems

Back 36

Stiff, usually nongreen stems that contain layers of wood, as opposed to herbaceous stems

Front 37

Ground Tissue System

Back 37

all the tissues of a vascular plant except the dermal tissue and vascular tissue

Front 38

Lenticel

Back 38

area of loosely-packed cork cells on a woody stem that enables gas exchange

Front 39

Root Cap

Back 39

protective layer covering the tip of a root

Front 40

Source

Back 40

part of a plant the provides sugar for other parts of the plant

Front 41

Translocation

Back 41

movement of sugar within the a plant from a source to a sink

Front 42

leaflet

Back 42

individual segment of a compound leaf