Biology Chapter 23

Front 1

Epidermal Cell

Back 1

The outer covering of a plant

Front 2

Vessel Element

Back 2

A much wider kind of Xylem cell for Angiosperms

Front 3

Sieve Tube Element

Back 3

The main Phloem cells

Front 4

Companion Cell

Back 4

Phloem cells that surround sieve tube elements

Front 5

Parenchyma

Back 5

Cells that have thin cell walls and large central vacuoles surrounded by a thin layer of cyoplasm

Front 6

Collenchyma

Back 6

Cells with strong flexible cell walls that support larger plants

Front 7

Sclerenchyma

Back 7

Cells with extremely thick rigid cell walls that make ground tissue tough and strong

Front 8

Meristems

Back 8

Clusters of tissue that are responsible for continuing growth throughout a plant's lifetime

Front 9

Meristematic tissue

Back 9

A place where new cells are produced

Front 10

Apical meristem

Back 10

a group of undifferentiated cells that divide to produce increased length of stems and roots

Front 11

Differentiation

Back 11

Where cells develop into mature cells with specialized structures and functions

Front 12

Taproot

Back 12

A primary root that grows very long and thick

Front 13

Fibrous roots

Back 13

A root system that helps prevent topsoil from being washed away by heavy rain

Front 14

Root hair

Back 14

Tiny cellular projections

Front 15

Cortex

Back 15

A spongy layer of ground tissue

Front 16

Endodermis

Back 16

A layer of cells that completely encloses the root's vascular subsystem

Front 17

Vascular Cylinder

Back 17

The region that the vascular subsystem is located in

Front 18

Root cap

Back 18

Protects the root as it forces its way through the soil

Front 19

Casparian Strip

Back 19

A water proof strip that surrounds each cell

Front 20

Node

Back 20

A place where leaves are attached

Front 21

Internode

Back 21

A region between the node

Front 22

Bud

Back 22

Contains undeveloped tissue that can produce new stems and leaves

Front 23

Vascular Bundle

Back 23

Contains Xylem and Phloem tissue

Front 24

Primary growth

Back 24

Growth where new cells are produced at the tips of roots and shoots

Front 25

Secondary Growth

Back 25

Growth where stems increase in width

Front 26

Vascular Cambium

Back 26

A type of meristematic tissue

Front 27

Cork Cambium

Back 27

Produces the outer covering of stems

Front 28

Heartwood

Back 28

When the older Xylem near the center of the stem no longer conducts water

Front 29

Sapwood

Back 29

Active in fluid transport

Front 30

Bark

Back 30

All of the tissues outside of the vascular cambium

Front 31

Blades

Back 31

A leave's thin flattened section

Front 32

Petiole

Back 32

A thin stalk that connects the stem to the blade

Front 33

Mesophyll

Back 33

A specialized ground tissue

Front 34

Palisade Mesophyll

Back 34

A layer of tall columnar mesophyl cells

Front 35

Spongy Mesophyll

Back 35

a loose tissue with many air spaces between its cells

Front 36

Stomata

Back 36

Porelike openings in the underside of the leaf that allow carbon dioxide and oxygen to diffuse into and out of the leaf

Front 37

Guard cells

Back 37

Specialized cells in the epidermis that control the opening and closing of Stomata by responding to changes in water pressure

Front 38

Transpiration

Back 38

Loss of water through its leaves

Front 39

Adhesion

Back 39

Attraction between unlike molecules

Front 40

Capillary action

Back 40

The tendency of water to rise in a thin tube