Biology - Chapter 2 Understanding Diversity

Front 1

define systematics

Back 1

science of naming/classifying groups of organisms and determining relationships

Front 2

all living things have evolved

Back 2

from a common ancestor

Front 3

living things and their relationships can be depicted on a type of family tree called

Back 3

an evolutionary tree

Front 4

biologists use many _________ to decipher the ________ relationships among species

Back 4

characteristics

evolutionary

Front 5

types of characteristics biologists would use to define relationships are

Back 5

shape of body structures

behaviours

DNA

Front 6

groups of _____ that are closely related tend to ____ one another

Back 6

organisms

resemble

Front 7

resemblance in organisms is due to ________

Back 7

dna similarity

Front 8

features in organisms may be shared because of

Back 8

a common ancestor

Front 9

___________ use key shared features to compare species

Back 9

systematists

Front 10

an evolutionary tree looks like this

Back 10

Front 11

scientists use _______________________ to determine evolutionary relationships

Back 11

shared derived features

Front 12

shared _______________ derived from a common ________

Back 12

characteristics

ancestor

Front 13

humans and chimps are therefore closely ________ because

Back 13

related

because we share an opposable thumb with chimps, humans have a common ancestor with them

Front 14

shared derived features look like.....

Back 14

Front 15

it is possible to determine certain __________ characteristics based on where they group/species fits in the ____________

Back 15

behavioural

evolutionary tree

Front 16

convergent features are shared features that...

Back 16

are not from a common ancestor

evolved independently

ex. birds vs. insects

Front 17

shared traits are ....

Back 17

not novel traits derived from a most recent common ancestor

Front 18

DNA is ________ material

Back 18

hereditary

*its the most accurate means of showing relationships

Front 19

________ and _________ is based on DNA

Back 19

appearance

function

*the genetic material serves as a blueprint for the characteristics

Front 20

shared _________ of DNA shows relatedness between groups and show __________ relationships among many different groups

Back 20

characteristics

evolutionary

Front 21

__________________ developed the hierarchial system for classification of life

Back 21

carolus linnaeus

Front 22

linnaean hierarchy uses _______ as the larget unit and _______ as the smallest

Back 22

the kingdom

species

Front 23

linnaean hierarchy classifications are kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species

Back 23

every species is given a two-part latin name (scientific name) ex homo sapiens

Front 24

name the six kingdom system

Back 24

bacteria

archaea

protista

plantae

fungi

animalia

Front 25

name the three-domain system

Back 25

bacteria

archaea

eukarya

Front 26

what system is used to describe the most basic division of living organisms

Back 26

three-domain

Front 27

what was the first modern lineage to diverge from the universal ancestor

Back 27

bacteria

Front 28

name the second organism to diverge

Back 28

archaea

Front 29

__________ and _______ are each a kingdom and a domain

Back 29

bacteria

archaea

Front 30

bacteria and archaea are ____ celled organisms that lack compartments or ______ eg a nucleus

Back 30

single

organelles

Front 31

organisms that lack compartments/organelles are ________

Back 31

prokaryotes

Front 32

________ cells have basic, common structural plans

Back 32

prokaryotic

Front 33

the most abundant organisms on earth are

Back 33

prokaryotes

Front 34

estimated that there are _______ individual bacteria on earth

Back 34

5x10 to the power of 30

Front 35

__________ can inhabit harsh environments such as boiling geysers

Back 35

prokaryotes

Front 36

prokaryotes can live with oxygen ___________ or without oxygen ______

Back 36

aerobe

anaerobe

Front 37

two ways prokaryotes are successful is that they

Back 37

- can obtain nutrients easily

- have a high reproduction rate

Front 38

every organism need two things to sustain life: a source of ______ and a source of ______

Back 38

energy

carbon

Front 39

_______ cells contain internal compartments called ______ (prokaryotes dont have this)

Back 39

eukaryotic

organelles

Front 40

organelles perform specialized functions. give example

Back 40

the nucleus contains DNA

Front 41

ancient ___________ cells may have engulfed other _________ cells to become _________

Back 41

prokaryotics (x2)

eukaryotic

ex. an organelle called mitochondria