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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is observation?
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perceiving a natural occurrence that causes someone to pose a question
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what is a hypothesis?
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proposed explanation for your observation. always written as a statement.
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prediction
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statement that forecasts what would happen if the hypothesis were true
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what is an experiment used for?
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testing a hypothesis and its predictions
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control group
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provides a normal standard to compare experimental group to
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independent variable/
manipulated variable |
different factor being tested in an experiment
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responding variable/
dependent variable |
affected by the independent variable
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theory
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highly tested generally accepted principle that explains observations and experimental data
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inference
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conclusion made on the basis of facts and previous knowledge[rather than direct observations]
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list the seven steps of the scientific method
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1-observation
2-research 3-hypothesis 4-experiment 5-collect & analyze data 6-conclusion 7-publication |
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how many awu's do protons have? neutrons? electrons?
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protons 1
neutrons 1 electrons 0 |
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how many elements are naturally occurring?
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1-92
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what is the simplest atom that will bond with four items to make different things?
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carbon
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unlike a covalent bond, ionic bonds are separated ______.
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easily
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Who was Demitri Mendeleev?
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he set up the first periodic table, using weight
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who created the current periodic table [by atomic number]
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henry mosley
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families=
periods= |
families=vertical
periods=horizontal |
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what is the periodic law?
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elements repeat at regular intervals if elements are put in order by atomic number
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isotopes have a different number of _______ and a different ________.
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neutrons; weight
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what type of carbon is used for carbon dating?
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carbon 14
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four types of energy?
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chemical[from food]
thermal electrical[nerve messages] mechanical[used by muscles] |
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first law of thermodynamics
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energy can be neither created nor destroyed, but only changed from one form to another
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second law of thermodynamics
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whenevery energy is changed from one form to another, some is changed to heat energy, which cannot be used by living things to do work
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what is the difference in atoms between the three states of matter?
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solids:molecules are tight
liquids:molecules can move around gas:molecules freely moving |
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why do atoms move around?
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because their electrons are constantly moving
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how is a chemical reaction written?
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as an equation
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chemical reactions that have a net release of energy are called? [& what is an example of this?]
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exergonic reaction;
respiration |
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reactions that have a net absorption are called? [& example]
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endergonic;
photosynthesis |
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each enzyme is ________ to one ________ __________.
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specific;
chemical reacton |
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Since water is polar, it can dissolve..
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other polar substances
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our only visible living cells are? because?
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the eyes; they have the water in tears to keep them alive
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the temperature needed for a water molecule to break cohesive bonds with another molecule and change to a gas
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boiling point
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water is unique in that it is more dense..
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as a liquid than as a solid
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at what temperature is water most dense?
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4 degrees celcius
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mixture composed of particles larger than ions or molecules [ie blood] pulled to the bottom by gravity
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suspension
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mixtures that do not 'settle out' although they have bigger particles
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colloid
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what are the two states of a colloid?
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gel or sol
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acids and bases are based on?
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the disassociation of water
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what are the four elements that compose the mass of living things?
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oxygen
carbon hydrogen nitrogen |
