Biology Chapter 2 Notes

Front 1

The smallest basic unit of matter

Back 1

atom

Front 2

substance made of only one type of Adam that cannot be broken down by chemical elements

Back 2

Element

Front 3

substance made of Adams of different elements that are bonded together in a particular ratio

Back 3

compound

Front 4

Adam that has gained or lost one or more electrons

Back 4

Ion

Front 5

Chemical bond formed for the electrical force between oppositely charged ions

Back 5

ionic bond

Front 6

Chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Back 6

covalent bond

Front 7

two or more Adams held together by a covalent bond not necessarily a compound

Back 7

molecule

Front 8

attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen Atom and I slightly negative Atom

Back 8

hydrogen bond

Front 9

attraction between molecules of the same substance

Back 9

cohesion

Front 10

attraction between molecules of different substances

Back 10

adhesion

Front 11

mixture that is consistent throughout also called a homeogeneus mixture

Back 11

solution

Front 12

substance in which solutes dissolve and that is present and greatest concentration in a solution

Back 12

solvent

Front 13

substance that dissolves in a solvent and his present at a lower concentration then the solvent

Back 13

Solute

Front 14

compound that donates a proton(h+) when dissolved in a solvent

Back 14

acid

Front 15

compound that accepts a proton (h+)when dissolved insulation

Back 15

base

Front 16

measurement of acidity related to free hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

Back 16

pH

Front 17

A molecular subunit of a polymer

Back 17

monomer

Front 18

large carbon-based molecules formed by monomers

Back 18

polymer

Front 19

molecule composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen includes sugars and starches

Back 19

carbohydrate

Front 20

Nonpolar molecule composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen and includes fats and oils

Back 20

lipid

Front 21

fatty acid polymer composed of amino acids linked together by hippity bonds folds into our particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids

Back 21

protein

Front 22

molecule that makes up proteins composed of carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and sometimes sulfur

Back 22

amino acid

Front 23

polymer of nucleotides ; the genetic material of organisms

Back 23

nucleic acid

Front 24

process by which substances changed into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds

Back 24

Chemical reaction

Front 25

substance that is changed by a chemical reaction

Back 25

reactant

Front 26

substance formed by a chemical reaction

Back 26

product

Front 27

amounts of energy needed to break a bond between two particular Atoms ; or the amount of energy released when a bond forms between two particular Atoms

Back 27

Bond energy

Front 28

condition in which reactants and products of a chemical reaction are formed at the same rate

Back 28

equilibrium

Front 29

Energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction

Back 29

activation energy

Front 30

Chemical reaction that yields a net release of energy in the form of heat

Back 30

exothermic

Front 31

Chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy

Back 31

endothermic

Front 32

substance that decreases activation energy and increase reaction rate in a chemical reaction

Back 32

catalyst

Front 33

protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms

Back 33

enzyme

Front 34

reactants in the chemical reaction upon which it enzyme acts

Back 34

substrate

Front 35

A carbon Atom has how many electrons available for bonding in its outer energy level

Back 35

4

Front 36

simplest type of carbohydrate; simple sugar or glucose

Back 36

monosaccharide( monomer)

Front 37

two monosaccharide molecules combined together; table sugar; sucrose

Back 37

disaccharide

Front 38

largest carbohydrate; composed of many monosaccharide subunits

Back 38

Polysaccharide

Front 39

subunit of polysaccharide; used as a energy storage by plant cells in the food reservoirs in seeds and bulbs

Back 39

starch

Front 40

subunit of polysaccharide ; memo store energy in the liver; broken down to glucose

Back 40

glycogen

Front 41

subunit of a polysaccharide; forms the cell walls of plants and supports plants

Back 41

cellulose

Front 42

fats oils and waxes and steroids

Back 42

lipids; polymer

Front 43

used for energy storage insulation and protective covering

Back 43

lipids

Front 44

insoluble in water

Back 44

lipids

Front 45

consist of three fatty acid's linked with one molecule of glycerol as the monomer

Back 45

lipid

Front 46

compounds that have The same chemical formula but different three-dimensional structures are

Back 46

Isomer

Front 47

A saturated fat lipid is from

Back 47

animals

Front 48

unsaturated and polyunsaturated lipids are from

Back 48

plants

Front 49

Chemical structure of proteins

Back 49

chons

Front 50

composed of carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and sometimes sulfur

Back 50

protein

Front 51

has about 20 amino acids as the monomer

Back 51

proteins

Front 52

peptide bond bonds are covalent bonds formed between

Back 52

amino acids (protein)

Front 53

important in contracting of muscle tissue transporting oxygen in the bloodstream providing immunity regulating other proteins and carrying out chemical reactions

Back 53

proteins

Front 54

this polymer changes the rate of a chemical reaction

Back 54

protein

Front 55

this polymer speeds the reaction in the digestion of food

Back 55

proteins

Front 56

made of smaller subunits called neclutides

Back 56

nucleic acid

Front 57

carbon compounds that come from living organisms

Back 57

organic compounds(carbon)

Front 58

The monomer of nucleic acid

Back 58

nucleotides

Front 59

consists of carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and phosphorus Atoms arranged in three groups

Back 59

neclutides

Front 60

blank is made of nitrogenous base a simple sugar and a phosphate group

Back 60

neclutides

Front 61

DNA and rna samples of

Back 61

nucleic acid

Front 62

large organic compounds are called

Back 62

biomolecules or a polymer

Front 63

many polymers are formed by chemical reaction known as

Back 63

condensation(made)

Front 64

polymers are broken apart by

Back 64

hydrolysis

Front 65

four biomolecules

Back 65

carbohydrate lipid protein nucleic acid(polymer)

Front 66

carbohydrates are what chemical structure

Back 66

cho

Front 67

carbohydrates are composed of

Back 67

carbon hydrogen and oxygen

Front 68

carbohydrates are used by cells to

Back 68

provide energy

Front 69

saturated fat has what kind of bond

Back 69

Single bond

Front 70

unsaturated fat has what kind of bond

Back 70

double bonds