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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the basic unit of matter?
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Atom
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In an atom, what has a positive charge and has a number that equals the number of neutrons?
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Proton
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What has no charge?
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Neutron
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What has a negative charge, is in constant motion around the nucleus, and is 1/1840 the mass of a proton ?
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Electron
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Atoms that are of the same element but have a different number of neutrons is a what?
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Isotope
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What is a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom?
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Element
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The combination of two or more elements in definite proportions is a what?
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Compound
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What is formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another?
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Ionic bond
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What is formed when one or more electrons are shared between atoms?
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Covalent bond
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What is the smallest unit of compund?
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Molecule
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What is the total number of protons and neutrons?
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Atomic Mass
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What is due to an uneven distribution of electrons in some compounds?
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Polarity
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What is the attraction between molecules of the like substances?
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Cohesion
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What is the attraction between molecules of different substances?
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Adhesion
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What is not chemically combined and is composed of two or more substances?
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Mixture
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What is composed of a solute and a solvent and are evenly distributed?
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Solution
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What is the substance taht is dissolved?
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Solute
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What is the substance in which the solute dissolves?
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Solvent
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What is a mixture in which substances do not dissolve in water and may not be evenly distributed?
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Suspension
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What is the attraction between the pos. and neg. ends of water molecules?
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Hydrogen bonds
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What is a compound that forms hydrogen ions in solution (H+)?
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Acid
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What is a compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution (OH-)?
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Base
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What is a weak acid or base that prevents sharp changes in pH?
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Buffer
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What are formed by the process of polymerization?
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Macromolecules
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What are small molecules that join together to form polymers?
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Monomers
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What are compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio?
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Carbohydrates
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What are simple sugars?
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Monosaccharides
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What are formed from many monosaccharides?
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Polysaccharides
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What is a polysaccharide that provides plants structure?
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Cellulose
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What are made mostly from carbon and hydrgoen in very long chains and are fats, oils, and waxes that do not dissolve well in water?
*They can also be used to store energy. |
Lipids
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What are macromolecules that contain C, H, O, N, and P and examples are RNA and DNA?
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Nucleic Acid
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What are made from amino acids, contain N, C, H, and O, control rates of reactions, help build bones and muscle, and some help fight disease?
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Proteins
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What has amino group, acarbowl group, and an R group?
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Amino acid
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What is a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals that involoves the breaking of bonds?
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Chemical reaction
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What are the elements taht enter into a chemical reaction?
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Reactants
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What are the elements or compounds that are produced by a chemical reaction?
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Products
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What is the energy needed to get a reaction started?
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Activation energy
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What are proteins that act as biological catalysts located in and out of the cells?
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Enzyme
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What is the substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction and lowers the activation energy?
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Catalyst
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What is the reactants of enzyme-catalyed reactions?
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Substrate
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What are the factors of enzyme activity?
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*pH
*temperature *proteins (that turn enzymes on and off) |
