Biology Chapter 2

Front 1

matter

Back 1

anything that takes up space and has mass. exists in many forms

Front 2

element

Back 2

substance that cant be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions. properties depend on the structure of atoms.

Front 3

atoms

Back 3

the formation and function of molecules depend on chemical bonding between ________________

Front 4

chemical reactions

Back 4

what makes and breaks chemical bonds?

Front 5

compound

Back 5

a substance consisting of 2 or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio

Front 6

Examples of MATTER

Back 6

solid..... liquid..... gas

Front 7

Examples of an ELEMENT

Back 7

oxygen, iron, and gold

Front 8

essential elements

Back 8

what an organism needs to live a healthy life and reproduce

Front 9

trace elements

Back 9

required by an organism in only minute quantities. some are needed in all forms of life

Front 10

atoms

Back 10

the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element. indivisible by chemical means

Front 11

nucleus

Back 11

central part of the atom

Front 12

proton

Back 12

nuclear particle with positive charge

Front 13

neutron

Back 13

nuclear particle with no charge

Front 14

dalton

Back 14

measurement known for atoms and subatomic particles unit

Front 15

atomic number

Back 15

determined by the number of protons

Front 16

atomic mass

Back 16

determined by the number of protons and neutrons

Front 17

mass number

Back 17

the sum of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Front 18

isotopes

Back 18

different atomic forms of the same element

Front 19

bonds

Back 19

____ is interactions between electrons

Front 20

energy

Back 20

the capacity to cause change ( maybe do work)

Front 21

potential energy

Back 21

the energy that matter possesses bc of its location or structure

Front 22

because atoms are more stable when their outermost valence shells are filled

Back 22

why do strong chemical bonds form?

Front 23

chemical bonds

Back 23

how molecules are formed

Front 24

covalent bonds

Back 24

a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Front 25

ionic bond

Back 25

any 2 ions of opposite charge can form into this

Front 26

weaker bonds

Back 26

hydrogen bond and Van der Waal interactions

Front 27

bonding capacity

Back 27

the number of bonds an atom can form. depedent on the number of valence electrons.

Front 28

H-1

C-4

0-2

N-3

Back 28

how many unpaired electrons are required to complete valence shell?

Front 29

polar covalent bonds

Back 29

Front 30

Ionic Bond

Back 30

Front 31

Ions

Back 31

charged atoms or molecules. Number of protons do NOT equal electrons.

Front 32

positive charged ion

Back 32

cation

Front 33

negative charged ion

Back 33

anion

Front 34

Salts

Back 34

Ionic Compounds are generally__________

Front 35

Van Der Waal and Hydrogen Bonds

Back 35

weak chemical bonds

Front 36

Hydrogen Bonds

Back 36

Front 37

Van Der Waals

Back 37

typical non polar molecules. Asymmetry in charge distribution. Large molecules packed together. weaker than H bonds. strength in numbers.

Front 38

Concentrations

Back 38

______amounts of reactants affects the rate of reactions

Front 39

Equilibrium

Back 39

rates of forward and reverse reactions that are the SAME