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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was the philosopher who was first to begin collecting evidence to help explain the order of living things? |
Aristotle |
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The study of patterns of geographic distribution of species. |
Biogeography |
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What two factors shape life on Earth? |
Environment |
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What three birds are given as examples that live on different continents but appear to be related. |
Chea Emu Ostrich |
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It is a study of body plans and structures among groups of organisms |
comparative morphology |
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What did ancient aquatic whales have but did not use |
ankle bones |
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In deep rock layers fossils were simple -------- life while higher layers fossils were similar but more------------. |
Marine
Intricate |
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What three areas of science provide findings that began to challenge 19th century beliefs |
Biogeography comparative morphology geology |
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A change that occurs in a line of descent is known as ------------. |
evolution |
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A 19th century belief was that no species had ever become----------- |
extinct |
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The hypothesis that Earth's surface was shaped by sudden, worldwide geologic forces was known as ----------- |
catastrophism |
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Who presented Catastrophism hypothesis |
Cuvier |
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----------------------proposed that an individual could produce a change in their body form (phenotype) and then pass that change onto their offspring. What animal did this scientist use as an example --------. What physical characteristic changed in this animal |
Jean-baptiste Lamarck
giraffe
Neck length |
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offspring inherit ------, but not a parent's -------- changes. |
genes
phenotypic |
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What was known as the father of evolutions |
Chalres Darwin |
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What ship Charles Darwin sail ---------- What island did he explore. |
Beagle
galapagos |
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Those idea that gradual, repetitive change had shaped Earth became known as the theory of ------- |
uniformity |
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A 19th century belief was that the Eart was only -------years old. |
6000. |
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Thomas Malthus correlated human population size with |
Famine disease war |
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Thomas Malthus also suggested that after a population reproduces beyond the capacity of its environment, it must -------for resources |
compete |
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Regarding populations in general, Darwin suggested that populations produced ( more, fewer) than the environment can hold |
More |
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Darwin also observed that variations in traits can influence an individual's ability to secure limited resources and thus ------- and --------. |
to survive reproduce |
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Conditions in the prevailing environment ------these individuals that are best suited to that environment. |
select |
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The differential survival and reproduction of invidiously is called |
Natural selection |
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An individuals' ----------- is the ability to adapt to an environment. This ability is based upon the individual's ------------- |
fitness traitis |
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One word that goes with the phrase Descent with Modification |
Evolution |
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What book did Darwin publisch |
On the origin of species |
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Who was the other naturalist who became known as the father of biography. This naturalist could have also been the father of evolution if he had published his works before Darwin. |
Alfred Wallace |
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Natural selection can lead to -----, which is an individual's ------to the environment as measured by its relative -------contribution to future generations. |
survival adaptation genetic |
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Most fossil remains come from: -------- -------- -------- -------- |
Bones teeth shells seeds |
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Fossil impressions can include |
body tracks burrows |
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Most fossils are found in layers of ---------rock |
sedimentary |
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The formation of layered sedimentary rock is called |
stratification |
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Which layers contain the oldest fossil records |
deepest
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A line of descent is known as a ---- |
lineage |
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What technology is now used to help determine the age of a fossil? |
radiometric dating |
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An element whose nucleus decays is called a ---- |
radioisotope |
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A radioisotope decays is not influenced by |
temperature pressure chemical bonding state moisture |
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Uranium eventually decays to ---- |
thorium 234 |
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The time it takes for radioisotope's atom to decay is called a ------ |
half-life |
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pace the following time spans in order from largest to the smallest.
--periods ---Era ---Epock ----Eon |
Eon Era Periods Epoch |
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This type of evolution represents major patterns, trends, and rates of change. |
Macroevolution |
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Using a geologic time scale, what "tikme" did humans first appear? |
11:59:59 |
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how many years ago did gondwana exit |
420 mya |
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How many yeas ago did pangea exist |
237 mya |
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How many times in the life of Earth has a single supercontinent formed |
5 |
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What theory supports the movement of continents |
Plate tectonics |
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Evolution means -------change in a life of descent |
heritable |
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What is the study of body forms and structure |
comparative morphology |
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Similar body parts that reflect on shared ancestors are known as --------structures |
homologous |
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Observe figure 16.16. is this an example of morphological divergence or convergence |
divergence |
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Observe figure 16.17, is this an example of morphological divergence or convergence |
Convergence |
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Did analogous structure evolve from a common ancestor |
no |
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Provide examples of animals with analogous structures |
bird bat insect |
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What is their analogous structure |
flight |
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Observe figure 16.19. What comparisons are illustrutrated |
embryoes |
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What can occur in master genes that cause some organisms to differ. |
mutations |
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Each species has its own ----. base sequence, which encodes instructions for making -----and -----. |
DNA RNA proteins |
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RNA and proteins of closely related species have more------- than those of more distantly related ones |
similarities |
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What technology allows scientists to look for similarities and differences between the genomes of species |
DNA sequencing |
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What type of mutations tend to accumulate in the DNA at a constant rate |
neutral |
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This kind of time keeping allows scientist to determine when species diverges into two lines of decent. |
molecular clock |
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what molecule is a vital component for electron transfer in cells of living organisms |
cytochrome C. |
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Observe Figure 16.22. Compare the amino acid sequences of the wheat to the primate. How many differences are there between the two sequences |
25 |
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Based on the sequence of cytochrome C, what other organism has an identical sequence to humans |
chimpanzee |
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how many differences do we have from a chicken |
18 |
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If a species differs from another species in its amino acid sequence, then those same differences will occur in -------sequences. |
nucleotide |
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Mitochondiral DNA is usually inherited from the ---- |
mother |
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A scientific field that names and classifies species----- |
taxonomy |
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What is the tw-part name of the scientific name |
taxon |
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What are the 6 taxa used in the classification systems |
genus family order class phylum kingdom |
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This group is an ancestor of all its descendants |
monophyletic group |
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how many kingdoms are there |
6 |
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How many domains are there |
3 |
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What are their names |
bacteria Archaea Eukarya |
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Put the following taxa in order from the most inclusive (1) to the least inclusive (6) class genus phylum order kingdom family |
genus family order class phylum kingdom |
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What method is used to determine evolutionary relationship |
cladistics
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what basis is used to determine evolutionary relations |
Derived traits |
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If a species shares a set of traits they are grouped into a --------- |
clade |
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Evolutionary trees called -------show who is most closely related to whom |
cladograms |
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Observe figure 16.26. what do conifers and cycads have in common with ferns and horsetails? |
complex leaves |
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What flowering plants have in common with moss |
land palnts
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