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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The use of technology to control biological processes as a means of meeting societal needs.
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biotechnology
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An organism whose genome has stably incorporated one or more genes from another species.
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transgenic organism
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A type of enzyme, occurring naturally in bacteria, that recognizes a specific sequence of DNA bases and cuts DNA strands at a specific location within the sequence.
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restriction enzyme
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A ring of DNA that lies outside the chromosome in bacteria.
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plasmid
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A cell's incorporation of genetic material from outside its boundary.
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transformation
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Two or more segments of DNA that have been combined by humans into a sequence that does not exist in nature.
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recombinant DNA
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Cloning intended to produce adult mammals of a defined genotype.
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reproductive cloning
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A means of cloning animals through fusion of one somatic (non-sex) cell with an egg cell whose nucleus has been removed (an “enucleated” cell).
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somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)
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A self-replicating agent that, in the cloning process, serves to transfer genetic material. Examples include bacterial plasmids and the viruses known as bacteriophages.
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cloning vector
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An exact genetic copy. Also, used as a verb—to make one of these copies. A single gene or a whole, complex organism can be cloned.
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clone
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A technique for generating many copies of a DNA sequence from a small starting sample.
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polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
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A cell from the blastocyst stage of a human embryo that is capable of giving rise to all the types of cells in the adult body.
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embryonic stem cells
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Hollow, fluid-filled ball of cells that is formed in the early stages of the embryonic development of humans and other mammals. In non-mammalian animals, the blastocyst is known as the blastula.
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blastocyst
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The use of cloning to produce human embryonic stem cells that can be used to treat disease
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therapeutic cloning
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