Biology Chapter 15

Front 1

what are the 2 different levels that respiration occurs?

Back 1

the level of the cell and the level of the organism

Front 2

what processes does respiration include?

Back 2

ventilation, external respiratin, and internal respiration

Front 3

what does the respiratory system consist of?

Back 3

the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs

Front 4

What makes up the paranasal sinuses?

Back 4

the maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal sinuses

Front 5

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

Back 5

to reduce the weight of the skull, to pruduce mucus, and to influence the quality of the voice by acting as resonating chambers

Front 6

what is the pharynx?

Back 6

a passageway for both the digestive system and the respiratory system

Front 7

what is the function of the larynx?

Back 7

to keep particles from entering the threachea; also houses the vocal cords

Front 8

how is pitch controlled?

Back 8

by changing the tension on the vocal cords

Front 9

laryngitis?

Back 9

inflammation of the mucus epithelium of the true vocal cords

Front 10

what is the function of the C-shaped rings found in the trachea?

Back 10

these rings protect the trachea, make it flexible, and keep it from collapsing or over-expanding

Front 11

structure of the bronchial tree?

Back 11

after entering the lungs: the 2 primary bronchi branch many times to form the bronchial tree, primary bronchi divided into secondary bronchi as they enter the lung, the branching coninues and eventualy tunrs into bronchioles, each bronchiole divdes into alveolar ducts whichin turn end in clusters called alveoli

Front 12

each lung is composed of_____ which contain _____?

Back 12

- lobules
-air passages, alveoli, nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and connective tissue

Front 13

pleura?

Back 13

a serous membrane that lines the pleural caivty

Front 14

surfactant?

Back 14

keeps the alveoli from sticking to each other so that they do not collapse when internal air pressure is low

Front 15

inspiration?

Back 15

inspiration is when the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and the air pressure inside the lungs decreases

Front 16

expiration?

Back 16

expiration is when the volume of the thoracic cavoty decreases and the air pressure inside the lungs increases

Front 17

list 2 reasons why the lungs would collapse?

Back 17

-elastic recoil caused by the elastic fibers in the connective tissue of the lungs
-surface tension of the fluid that lines the alveoli

Front 18

surface tension?

Back 18

exists because molecules of water attract each other, tending to form a droplet

Front 19

spirometry?

Back 19

the process of measuring volumes of air that move into an dout of the respiratory system

Front 20

list the 4 pulmonary volumes?

Back 20

tidal volume, inspiratiry reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume

Front 21

tidal volume?

Back 21

the volume of air inspired or expired during quiet breathing

Front 22

inspiratory reserve volume?

Back 22

the amount of air that can be inspired forcefully after inspration of the normal tidal volume

Front 23

expiratory reserve volume?

Back 23

the amount of air that can be easily expired forcefull after expiration of te normal tidal volume

Front 24

residual volume?

Back 24

the volume of air still remaining in the respiratory passages and lungs after a maximum expiration

Front 25

pulmonary capacity?

Back 25

the sum of 2 or more pulmonary volumes

Front 26

vital capacity?

Back 26

the sum of the inspiratory reserve vlume, tidal volume, and expiratory volume

Front 27

inspiratory capacity?

Back 27

the tidal volume plus the inspiratory reserve volume

Front 28

functional residual capacity?

Back 28

the expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume

Front 29

forced expiratory vital capacity?

Back 29

the rate at which lung volume changes during direct measurement of the vital capacity