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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are primates?
When were the first primates? |
- the mammalian group that includes prosimians, monkeys, apes, and humans
- first evovled 50 - 60 mya |
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what 2 features did the 1st primates have that enabled them to catch their prey?
2 characteristics of primate survival |
1. Grasping hands and feet, able 2 cary things
2. binocular vision and forward placement of the eyes-enabled the brain to judge distance very presise (depth perception) - both very imp in evolution of primates. |
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what were the first primates?
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The first primates were Prosimians
-1) species that lived on trees and 2) was night acting - include lemurs, - a few still live today (lemurs) |
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Diurnal
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- 36 million years ago primates became diurnal
- Diurnal - active during day and sleep at night. - this was one of the traits they evolved to - ex: monkeys |
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what are the benefits of being Diurnal?
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- being awake during the day led to vision/eye changes - lead to 1) the eye to enhance its cone cells to be able to see color and 2) lead to larger brain
- gave primates more opportunities to feed and enabled them to detect predators. |
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Anthopoids
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animals that evolved from diurnal - had more complex brain, primates
- include: Monkeys, apes, and Humans |
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Who were the first species to have the opposable thumb?
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Monkeys
- this is what separates monkeys from other promisians |
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What is the opposable thumb
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stands out at an angle from the other fingers and can be bent inward to hold an object.
- this allowed monkeys to eat from trees (not just insects) |
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What is the difference between an old world Monkey and a new world monkey?
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- old world, are monkey in Asia and Africa
- new world monkey, are in central and south America |
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when did the split from gorilla/chimp-human happen?
what environmental factor caused this? |
- about 5 to 7 million years ago the gorilla - chimp/human split happened
- about 4MYA, the split b/n chimp and humans happened (humans closer to chimps) - when the world's climate began to cool and the forests of Africa where replaced with savannas |
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Hominids
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- is the group that lead to humans
- can walk upright on two legs ( can walk for longer times) - also had large brain (brain with spinal cord to walk upright) |
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what was the first type of hominid?
(our earliest known ancestors) - 2 characteristics tha differ from apes |
- Austrolopithicus "man like ape" - 4.4MYA
1) bipedal-able to walk upright, on 2 legs 2) large brain size - larger than the ape (but still smaller than ours) |
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how large were Australopithecines?
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- some weighed 40lb 3.5 feet tall
- others weighed up to 100lb 5 feet tall. - 400cm3 brain - larger brain than chimps but not as large as ours |
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Who and when discoverd first Austrolopithicus.
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in 1924 by Raymond dart, a south african anatomy profesor.
' called it man like ape" |
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what was lucy
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This was a almost full skeleton of an Australopithecus. ( 3MYA)
founded by Donald Johanson - found in Ethiopia - Lucy was 3 ft tall |
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Who were the first hominids to create tools, and communicate
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the homoerectus - hunted large animals with tools, they also made fire.
- they lived in tribes of 20 to 50 people |
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Homo erectus evolved into what
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Homo Sapiens(what we are)
- homo erectus disappeared 200,000 years ago. |
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what is the word HOMo Sapien mean in latin
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Homo - means man
SApein - means wise |
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what were Neanderthals
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they were short but strong, there brains were larger then modern humans
- they were later replaced by Homo sapiens - they died out 34,000 years ago - from Europe |
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What animal group did humans evolve from?
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-from the same group that the apes
came from -closely related to gibbons, orangutan, gorill and chimps |
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What animal are human most closest related to (genetically)?
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the chimpanzees
- DNA nucleotide sequence differs only 1.6% - we have the same set of amino acids in our hemoglobin as chimps - also the gorilla (but not as close in genes as the chimp) |
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compare monkeys and apes
(how have apes evolved from monkeys) |
- Apes have larger more developed brains than mokeys
- none of the apes have tails (monkeys do) |
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Ardipithecus
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- name given to a new type of hominid found in 1992 in Ethiopia
- believed to be the oldest hominid found (4.4M old) - resembles more of an ape than human so a new classification given to it (pithecus means ape) (ardi means far) |
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what species was the oldest species in the genus "homo"
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- the homo habilis
(habilis means handy ) - b/c they used tools (all fossil brains found were next to tools) |
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what homo species replaced the homohabilis?
differences? |
homoerectus
- homoerectus was larger and had a larger brain - believed to be far more numerous |
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3 homo species
(evolved from Australopithecines) |
1) homo habilis - larger brain (640cm)than austrap. (400-550cm) + used tools
2) homo erectus - larger brain (1000cm) than habilis (lived the longest) 3) homo sapiens |
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2 theories about how the homoerectus evolved?
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1) they evolved from different groups of Homoerectus simultanoeuosly throughout different parts of the world (Americas, Europe, Asia)
2) they evolved from the HomoErectus in Africa and then migrated throughout the world (to Europe, AMericas, etc) |
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describe the ancestors to the primates
(what era) |
Dinosaur era 80 MYA)
- small mammal that ate insects - very small sharp teeth and BIG eyes - like shrew |
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List all the evolutions that took place from primates to homosapiens (in order)
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1) grasping hands
2) eyes in front for depth perception 3) diurnial - sleep at night 4)speciallized cells - cone cells - can see colors 5) larger brain 6) bipedal - walk on 2 lega 7) use tools 8) even larger brain and taller |
