Biology, Chapter 11

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Stephen Fyler 11.1

subunit of a nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

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Stephen Fyler 11.1

nucleotide

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Stephen Fyler 11.1

a carbon ring structure that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen.

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Stephen Fyler 11.1

nitrogenous base

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Stephen Fyler 11.1

shape of a DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into a springlike structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases (similar to a twisted zipper)

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Stephen Fyler 11.1

double helix

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Stephen Fyler 11.1

process in which chromosomal DNA is copied before mitoses or meiosis

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Stephen Fyler 11.1

DNA replication

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Stephen Fyler 11.2

a large molecule formed from smaller subunits that are bonded together

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Stephen Fyler 11.2

polymer

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Stephen Fyler 11.2

brings instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the cell's factory floor, the cytoplasm

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Stephen Fyler 11.2

messenger RNA (mRNA)

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Stephen Fyler 11.2

binds to the mRNA and uses the instrcutions to assemble the amino acids in the correct order

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Stephen Fyler 11.2

ribosomal RNA

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Stephen Fyler 11.2

delivers amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into a protein

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Stephen Fyler 11.2

transfer RNA

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Stephen Fyler 11.2

process in the cell nucleus where enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand

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Stephen Fyler 11.2

transcription

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Stephen Fyler 11.2

set of three nitrogenous bases that represents an amino acid

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Stephen Fyler 11.2

codon

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Stephen Fyler 11.2

process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein

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Stephen Fyler 11.2

translation

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Stephen Fyler 11.3

diseases believed to be caused by changes in the genes that control the cell cycle

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Stephen Fyler 11.3

cancer

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Stephen Fyler 11.3

any change in the DNA sequence

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Stephen Fyler 11.3

mutation

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Stephen Fyler 11.3

a change in a single base pair of DNA

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Stephen Fyler 11.3

point mutation

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Stephen Fyler 11.3

a mutation in which a single base is added to or deleted from DNA

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Stephen Fyler 11.3

frameshift mutation

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Stephen Fyler 11.3

mutation that occurs at the chromosome level resulting in changes in the gene distribution to gametes during meiosis

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Stephen Fyler 11.3

chromosomal mutation

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Stephen Fyler 11.3

any agent that can cause a change in DNA

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Stephen Fyler 11.3

mutagen