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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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analogous structure
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body part that is similar in function as a body part of another organism but is structurally different
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vestigial structure
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remnants of an organ or structure that functioned in an earlier ancestor
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species
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group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring
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fitness
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measure of an organism’s ability to survive and produce offspring relative to other members of a population
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catastrophism
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theory that states that natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions shaped Earth’s landforms and caused extinction of some species
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population
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all of the individuals of a species that live in the same area
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artificial selection
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process by which humans modify a species by breeding it for certain traits
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gradualism
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theory that states that the geologic processes that shape Earth are uniform through time
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evolution
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change in a species over time (p. 10); process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors
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adaptation
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inherited trait that is selected for over time because it allows organisms to better survive in their environment
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homologous structure
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body part that is similar in structure on different organisms but performs different functions
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paleontology
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study of fossils or extinct organisms
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uniformitarianism
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principle that states that the changes in landforms result from slow changes over a long period of time
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biogeography
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study of the distribution of organisms around the world
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natural selection
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mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals
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fossil
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trace of an organism from the past
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heritability
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ability of a trait to be passed from one generation to the next
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variation
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differences in physical traits of an individual from the group to which it belongs
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