Biology Chapt 6 And 7

Front 1

haploid cell that participates in fertilization by fusing with another haploid

Back 1

gamete

Front 2

form of asexual reproduction that produces identical offspring

Back 2

binary fission

Front 3

section of a chromosome that codes for a protein or RNA molecule

Back 3

gene

Front 4

structure made of DNA and associated proteins on which genes are located

Back 4

chromosome

Front 5

one of a pair of strands of DNA that make up a chromosome during meiosis or mitosis

Back 5

chromatid

Front 6

region joining two chromatids

Back 6

centromere

Front 7

a member of a chromosome pair, both of which are similar in shape, size, and the genes they carry

Back 7

homologous chromosome

Front 8

term used to indicate a cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent

Back 8

diploid

Front 9

having only one set of chromosomes

Back 9

haploid

Front 10

fertilized egg cell

Back 10

zygote

Front 11

a chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex

Back 11

autosome

Front 12

one of a pair of chromosomes that are involved in determining the sex of an individual

Back 12

sex chromosome

Front 13

array of the chromosome’s found in an individual’s cells arranged in order of size and shape

Back 13

karytoype

Front 14

repeating five-phase sequence of eukaryotic cell growth and division

Back 14

cell cycle

Front 15

period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions of a eukaryotic cell during which the cell carries out routine functioning, copies its DNA and prepares to divide

Back 15

interphase

Front 16

process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell divides into two nuclei, each with the same number and kind of chromosomes

Back 16

mitosis

Front 17

cytoplasmic network of protein filaments that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, and divisions

Back 17

cytokinesis

Front 18

a disease characterized by abnormal cell growth

Back 18

cancer

Front 19

structure composed of centrioles and individual hollow protein fibers that moves chromosomes apart during cell division

Back 19

spindle

Front 20

process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell completes two successive divisions that produce four cells (gametes), each with a chromosome number that has been reduced by half

Back 20

meiosis

Front 21

the exchange of reciprocal segments of DNA by homologous chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis; source of genetic recombination

Back 21

Crossing-over

Front 22

random distribution of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Back 22

independent assortment

Front 23

process by which gametes are produced in male animals

Back 23

spermatogenesis

Front 24

male gamete

Back 24

sperm

Front 25

process by which gametes are produced in female animals

Back 25

oogenesis

Front 26

a mature egg cell

Back 26

ovum

Front 27

reproduction that involves only one parent and results in genetically identical offspring

Back 27

asexual reproduction

Front 28

organism produced by asexual reproduction that is genetically identical to its parent

Back 28

clone

Front 29

reproduction in which gametes from opposite sexes of mating types unite to form a zygote

Back 29

sexual reproduction

Front 30

entire lifespan of an organism; summary of all of the stages of an organism

Back 30

life cycle

Front 31

the process by which haploid gametes join to form a diploid zygote

Back 31

fertilization

Front 32

diploid phase in the type of life cycle known as alternation of generations; diploid individual that produces spores

Back 32

sporophyte

Front 33

an asexual, resting, reproductive haploid cell

Back 33

spore

Front 34

haploid phase in the type of life cycle known as alternation of generations; haploid individual that produces gametes

Back 34

gameophyte