Biology Chap 6

Front 1

Matter

Back 1

anything that takes up space and has mass
Physical material in the universe

Front 2

Energy

Back 2

capacity to do work
Ex: potential & kinetic

Front 3

Potential energy

Back 3

Energy due to positon
Stored in chemical bonds

Front 4

Kinetic Energy

Back 4

is energy of motion

Front 5

1st law of thermodynamics

Back 5

states that energy can be transferred and trandsformed, but cannot be created or destroyed.

Front 6

2nd law of thermodynamics

Back 6

anytime u transfer or transform the universe becomes more disorder

Front 7

Entropy

Back 7

the measure of disorder, randomness ( this is a good thing)

Front 8

Exergonic reactions

Back 8

reactions that release energy, reaction is energetically downhill, spntaneous reaction

Front 9

Endergonic reactions

Back 9

requires energy, raection is energetically uphill, non-spontaneous reaction(requires and energy source)

Front 10

Activation Energy

Back 10

the amount of energy that reactant molecules must absorb reaction

Front 11

Coupled reactions

Back 11

chemical reactions which realease energ can be coupled to chemical reactions which take energy. Exapmle: sun & plants

Front 12

Chemical equilibrium

Back 12

when the rate of the foward reactionis equal to the rate of the reverse reaction

Front 13

Catabolic pathways

Back 13

metabolic pathways which release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds, degraditon, release energy

Front 14

Anabolic pathways

Back 14

metabolic pathways which consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones, synthesis, energy requiring

Front 15

Enzymes

Back 15

speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy barriers, substrate-specific

Front 16

Catalyst

Back 16

chemical agents that accelerate a reaction w/out being permanently changed in the process( a catalyst is reusable & is not destroyed by the reaction).

Front 17

Substrates

Back 17

substance which enzymes act on. In the presence of the appropriate enzyme the substrates become more reactive

Front 18

Active site

Back 18

restricted region of an enzyme molecule where the substrate is bound, pocket groove, amino acid R-groups

Front 19

Coenzymes

Back 19

small nonprotein organic molecules that are required for proper enzyme catalysis, vitamins( help the catalyst)

Front 20

Feedback inhibition

Back 20

The enzymes are going to the end product, and the end product shuts pathway off. When there is to littile end product the pathway turns on.