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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Central nervous system
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CNS brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral nervous system
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PNS every thing else
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neuron
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a nerve cell, the cells in the nervous system that are responsible for transmitting nerve impulses
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Glia
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non transmitting support cells, functions include insulation guiding growth and migration of neurons in embrionic developement
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4 types of glia cells
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astrocyte
radial glia oligodendrocytes schwann |
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astrocyte
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incude a tight junction in capilaries in the brain regulate composition of extra cellular fluid, regulate blood flow to the neurons controls the blood brain barrier
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radial glia
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regulate outgrowth of neurons from the neural tube
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oligodendrocytes
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insulating glia in the CNS
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Schwann
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insulating cells in the peripheral, forms the myelin sheaths around the axons insulating them from electrical currents
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nodes of ranvier
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breaks inbetween the schwann cells and the place where potassium is concentrated for use in action potentials in the schwann cells
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three stages in processing information
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sensory input
integration motor output |
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specialized neurons for information processing
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sensory neurons
interneurons motor neurons |
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sensory neurons
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transmitting information from sensors of external stimuli and internal conditions
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Interneurons
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integrate (interpret and analyze) the sensory input, taking into consideration the current situation and the past
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motor neurons
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conductors out of the CNS these neurons communicate with effector cells
effector cells = muscle or endocrine cells |
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cell body
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includes all organells and the nucleus
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dendrites
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branched extensions that recieve signals from other neurons
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axon
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extension s that transmitt signals, coverd by myelin sheath
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axon hillock
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the base of the cell body ( neck)
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synaptic terminal
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branched end of the axon
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synapse
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site of communication between synaptic terminal and another cell
pre synaptic cell - transmitter post synaptic - reciever |
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neurotransmitter
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chemical envelope that transmits signals between the synaptic terminal and the post synaptic cell
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resting potential
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membrane potential of a neuron that is not transmitting a signal
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Ion Channels 3 types and descriptions
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stretched ion channel - open when membrane is mechanically deformed
ligand gated - open/close when chemically stimulated voltage gated - open/close when membrane potential changes |
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action potential
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a stimulus that is strong enough to trigger a depolerization and triggers a different response
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hyperpolerization
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increase in the magnetude of the membrane potential (inside the membrane is neg)
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depolerization
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reduction of magnetude of membrane potential (membrane is less neg)
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graded potentials
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magnetude of hyper and de polerization varies with strenght of stimuli
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threshold
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is a depolerization grade up to a certian membrane voltage
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refractory period
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is the action potential "downtime" between one action potential and another
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electrical synapses
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contain gapp junctions which DO allow electrical current to flow directly from cell to cell
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chemical synapses
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involves the release of a chemical neurotransmitter by the presynaptic neuron
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synaptic vessicles
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used in the packaging of the neurotransmitters and are stored in the synaptic terminals, used to start action potential
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synaptic cleft
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narrow gap that seperates the presynaptic neuron from the post synaptic
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direct synaptic transmission
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post synaptic potential
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excitory post synaptic potentials
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EPSP's depolerization that brings the membrane potential toward the threshold
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inhibitory post synaptic potentials
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IPSP's hyperpolerizations that produce IPSP's because they move the membrane potential further from threshold
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