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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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gene pool
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combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population
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relative frequency
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number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles occur
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single-gene trait
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trait controlled by a single gene that has two alleles
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polygenic trait
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trait controlled by two or more genes
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directional selection
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form of natural selection in which the entire curve moves; occurs when individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve
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stabilizing selection
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form of natural selection by which the center of the curve remains in its current position; occurs when individuals near the center of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end
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disruptive selection
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form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into two; occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle
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genetic drift
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random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations
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founder effect
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change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population
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Hardy-Weinberg principle
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principle that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause the frequencies to change
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genetic equilibrium
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situation in which allele frequencies remain constant
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speciation
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formation of new species
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reproductive isolation
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separation of species or populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring
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behavioral isolation
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form of reproductive isolation in which two populations have differences in courtship rituals or other types of behavior that prevent them from interbreeding
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geographic isolation
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form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated physically by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water
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temporal isolation
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form of reproductive isolation in which two populations reproduce at different times
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