Biology Ch 8 Vocab

Front 1

Cell cycle

Back 1

More complex series of stages

Hint 1

Cell cycle is a more complex series of stages

Front 2

Interphase

Back 2

The period between divisions

Hint 2

Period between divisions

Front 3

G1/G0

Back 3

Cells pass in order through the phases

Hint 3

G1 and G0 is called Gap1 or prereplication

Front 4

S

Back 4

DNA synthesis

Hint 4

DNA S means Synthesis

Front 5

G2

Back 5

Gap 2 or premitosis

Hint 5

Gap 2 means G2 and it means premitosis

Front 6

M

Back 6

Mitosis

Hint 6

M represents Mitosis

Front 7

Restriction Point

Back 7

When a cell in G0 or G1 receives these signals, it passes through this point

Hint 7

Restriction point is a point where G0 and G1 receives the signals

Front 8

Cytokinesis

Back 8

Division of the whole cell

Hint 8

Cytokinesis represents the division of the whole cell

Front 9

Daughter Cell

Back 9

Mitosis provides each daughter cell with a complete set of chromosome that are the same type and number as those of the parent cell.

Hint 9

M provides eac

Front 10

Nucleotide base pairing

Back 10

Fors between specific nucleobases

Hint 10

Also termed nitrogenous bases

Front 11

Hydrogen Bond

Back 11

Attractive force between the hydrogen attached to an electronegative atom of one molecule

Hint 11

Attractive forced are called hydrogen bond

Front 12

Antiparallel

Back 12

They run parallel to each other but with opposite alignments

Hint 12

Have opposite alignments

Front 13

DNA polymerase

Back 13

the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the new DNA strands

Hint 13

Formation of the new DNA strands

Front 14

Semiconservative replication

Back 14

It would produce two copies that each contained one of the original strands and one new strands

Hint 14

Produce new copies of each strands

Front 15

Histone

Back 15

Highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes

Hint 15

Order the DNA into structural units

Front 16

Chromosome

Back 16

Thread- like structure located inside the nucleus

Hint 16

Thread-like structure ( Nucleus )

Front 17

Chromatin

Back 17

Complex of macromolecules found in cells

Hint 17

Consisting of DNA, protein, and RNA

Front 18

Mutation

Back 18

Any change in the sequence of a cell's DNA

Hint 18

Changing in the sequence of DNA

Front 19

Mutagen

Back 19

they need to detect and repair mutations introduced during replication or caused by environmental factors.

Hint 19

Chemicals or radiation

Front 20

Excision repair

Back 20

The process by which these mutations are repaired

Hint 20

Mutations are repaired are called excision repair

Front 21

Sister chromatids

Back 21

Two copies of each chromosome made during the S phase

Hint 21

Two copies same copies

Front 22

Centromere

Back 22

Sister chromatids are still attached by proteins at a narrow point called the centromere

Hint 22

Attached to the proteins are at a narrow point

Front 23

Aneuploid

Back 23

Such daughter cells with abnormal numbers of chromosomes

Hint 23

Daughter cells at a number of chromosome

Front 24

Prophase

Back 24

First step of mitosis

Hint 24

First step of the process

Front 25

Metaphase

Back 25

The second step of mitosis

Hint 25

Middle of the process

Front 26

Anaphase

Back 26

The third step of mitosis

Hint 26

Enzymes break down the protein holding the sister chromatids together

Front 27

Telophase

Back 27

The cells enter, begin to expand, and the nuclear envelope reforms around them

Hint 27

Producing two new nuclei

Front 28

(Mitotic) spindle ( fibers)

Back 28

Demonstrate a simple type of cell division in which the DNA attaches to the plasma membrane

Hint 28

simple type of cell division

Front 29

Spindle poles

Back 29

Microtubule organizing center in yeast cells

Hint 29

Functionally equivalent to the centrosome

Front 30

Kinetochore

Back 30

Protein structure on chromatids

Hint 30

Spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart

Front 31

Cyclins

Back 31

Proteins, Accumulate and the rapidly disappear as the cycle progresses

Hint 31

Proteins

Front 32

Kinases

Back 32

In turn activate various enzymes needed for progress through the cell cycle

Hint 32

activate various enzymes needed for progress

Front 33

Cell cycle arrest

Back 33

Checkpoint controls the consist of proteins tat detect mistakes and damage

Hint 33

Quickly halt the cell cycle until repairs are made

Front 34

Cancer

Back 34

Important in the detection and prevention of the uncontrolled cell growth and reproduction

Hint 34

Important in the detection

Front 35

Mitosis

Back 35

Process of sorting and distributin