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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is an integral membrane protein and funtion?
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It penetrates the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer and it is made up of nonpolar amino acids coiled into strectches of a helices
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what is a peripheral membrane protein and its function?
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they are not embedded in the lipid bilayer but instead are bound to the surface to exposed part of integral
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what does the extra cellular matrix consist of?
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It consists of collagen,carbohydratess,glycolipids,glycoproteins,integrins,polysaccharide molecules,and prteoglycan
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what are six major kind of functions that membrane proteins perform?
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transport,enzymatic activity,signal transduction,intercellular joining,(glycoproteins)cell-cell recognition and attachment to ECM
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according to the fluid mosaic model proteins of membrane are mostly
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embedded in a lipid bilayer made up of phospholipds and extend through it
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what factor would tend to increase membrane fluidity?
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the more unsaturated phospholipds it has because of the kinks in it
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what moelcule allows for celll-to cell recognition?
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glycoproteins that have oligosaccharides
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what is a proton pump and what does it do?
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it is an electrogenic pump meaning that it transfers voltage across the membrane and store enrgy and translocates psoitive charfge in form of hyrogen ions
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what is active transport and what kind of enrgy is used?
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active transport requires the cell to expend its own metabolic energy to move solutes against their concentration gradient.
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what is the sodium and potassium pump and which one moves in and which one moves out?
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it exchanges three sodium ions (out)for two potassium ions(inside)
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what is membrane potential?
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it is the voltage across a membrane caused by unequal distribution of cations (+ move inside) and anions.
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what is cotransport?
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it is when a molecule is pumped through membrane and leaks back through diffusion to do more work and move another molecule through the cell.one diffuses down and one diffuses againt gradient
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where does sodium potassium pump occur and what about the proton pump?
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the K+ and Na+ occur in the animal cell
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what is excoytosis and explain what endocytosis
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the fusion of vessicles witht he plasma membrane to secrete macromolecules is the Endo is the reverse and forms new vessicles from taking in macromolecules
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what is receptor-mediated endocytosis and and ligands and what lipoproteins bind travel this way?
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bulk quantities of sepcific substances bind to receptors called ligands then clustered in coated pits and then become new vessicle.cholesterol
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what do vessicles do?
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transport substances between cell and surrounding and remodel plasma membrane
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what molecules can pass easily through the plasma membrane and what travels through facilitated diffusion?
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hydrophobic (co2 and O) molecules and very small uncharged molecules and for facilitated diffusion hydrophillic and ions can
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pinocytosis
phagocytosis |
cell gulps extracellular fluid unsepecific and phagoctosis engulfs particle and digests
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the membrane potential favors..
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canions into the cell and anions out
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how would cholesterol proteins be oriented before reaching plasma membrane?
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facing inside ER and inside transport vessicle membrane
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what are the components of the cytoskelteon?
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microtublules
intermediate filaments microfilaments |
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what are microtubules?
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walls made up of tubulin(gobular protein) serve as tracks for motor molecules
arraged as two centrioles with 9 mc's,cell motility(cilia and flagella) chromosome movements |
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what are intermediate filaments?
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fibrous proteins part of keratin family anchorage of organells and make up nuclear lamina
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what are microfilaments?
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made up of two strands one of actin and smaller actin subunits responsible for changes in cell shape muscle contraction,cel division and cytoplasmic streaming
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what are desomosomes?
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desmosomes are called anchoring jucntions fasten cells together like strong sheets
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what takes place in the nucleolus and what is nuclear lamina made of?
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nulceolus involved in production of ribosomes and hold chromatin and
lamina is nuclear side of envelope containg intermediate filaments |
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what makes up the endomembrane system?
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nulcear envelope,ER,Golgi apparatus lysososomes,vacuoles and related plasma membrane
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where are smooth ER located and fucntion?
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synthesis of lipids,metabolism of carbohydrates,detoxification of drugs etc.secrete hormones
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where are rough Er located and function?
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secrete proteins glycoproteins bonded to carbos
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what is the difefrence between cilia and flagella?
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differ in beating patterns c has back and forth flagella has swimming contains microtubule that make up 9+2 pattern
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centrosome
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region outside of nucleus
where mictrotubules grow out of |
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centrioles
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within centrosome composed of ninesets of microtubules in a ring
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gap junctions
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provide cytoclasmic channels between cells big enought for small molecules to pass cordinate contarction of cells
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tight junction
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prevent backword flow of fluids
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where are free ribosomes found?
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cytosol catalyze first steps of a reaction
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what do bound ribosomes do and where are they?
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found on ER protein secretion inserted into membranes packaging export
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What is myosin?
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protein acts as motor molecule by rubbing against actin of microfilaments (movement and pinches dividing animal cells
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what is cytoplasmic streaming?
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circular flow of cytoplasm within plant cells brought on by actin and myosin and sol gel transformations
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middle lamella of plants?
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pectin
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