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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Photosythesis and what happens in the process
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photosynthesis converts solar E to chemical E of a carbohydrate(glucose by using sunlight)
Redox reaction- C02 is reduced to carb(glucose); H20 is oxidized to 02. |
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Chemical equation for photosynthesis
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C02+H20-->C6H12O6+H20+02
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The function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis and what wavelengths of light chlorophyll absorbs
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To absorb sunlight
Absorbs violet,blue and red |
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How energy is stored and released in ATP
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add phosphate, lose phosphate
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Two phases of photosynthesis and description of each stage
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Light reactions-
- reactants- solar E - products- chem E(ATP,NADPH Dark reactions- - reactants- chem E(ATP, NADPH) -products- Chem E(carbs) |
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Equation for cellular respiration and how much energy is released during aerobic respiration
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C6H1206+02-->C02+H20+ATP
38 ATP is released |
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oxidation and the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration
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Loss of electrons
Oxygen is the final receptor |
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Fermentatioin
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reduction of an intermediate in a metabolic pathway
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Lactic acid fermentation and how much energy is released
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If no 02 is available, pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid in muscles.(depends on enzyme)
2 ATP is released |
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Alcohol fermentation and how much energy is released
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If no 02 is available, pyruvate is reduced to alcohol-yeast(depends on enzyme)
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3 stages of aerobic cellular respiration and description on each
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Glycolysis- The start of cell resp. from glucose to (3) PGAL. reduction of NAD+. substrate level phosphloylation
Krebs cycle- starts when an acetyl group is carried by coA combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate. occurs 2x per glucose-starts and makes ETS- aerobic oxidation phosphorylation occurs series of e- oxidation reactions NADH- 3 ATP FADH2- 2ATP |
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Energy that is made in cell resp.
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Glycolysis- 2ATP=2AtP
2NADH2= 6ATP Intermediate- 2NADH2=6ATP Krebs= 2ATP=2ATP 2FADH2=14ATP 6NADH2=18ATP ------------------------------------------ 38 ATP |
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Metabolic pool
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catabolism- break down, exergonic
Anabolism- build, endergonic many metabolic actions are amphibolic--> products of catabolism anre used in biosynthesis |
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How we depend on plants
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Source of nutrients and oxygen
Ancient plants become coal, we burn wood, and ethanol is used as fuel |
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Flowering plants as photosynthesizers
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- H20 moves up stem into leaves
- C02 enters through stromata -H20 and C02 diffuse into chloroplast - Chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments are found in thylakoid membrane |
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Thylakois membrane
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Absorption of solar E, ATP->NADPH-> GLUCOSE
where chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments are found |
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Stroma
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enzyme-rich fluid where C02 is reduced to a carbohydrate
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Plants as solar E converters
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-Only 42% of solar radiation reaches surface- most as visible light
-Higher and lower wavelengths are screened out by ozone, C02, and water vapor - Therefore, photosynthetic pigments use mostly the visible light part of the electromagnetic spectrum |
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Absorption spectrum
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The specific wavelengths absorbed by the chloroplasts pigments
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Action spectrum
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The rate of photosynthesis is measured as the amount of 02 is given off (action is photosynthesis)
02 production and therefore photosynthetic activity is measured for plants under each specific wavelength producing an action spectrum |
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Relationship of action and absorption spectrum
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Action spectrum resembles the absorption spectrum- indicates chlorophylls and carotenoids contribute to photosynthesis
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The major photosynthetic pigments
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Chlorophylls a + b- absorbs violet,blue and red. green is reflected- we see green
Carotenoids-(yellow and orange) absorb light in the violet, blue and green regions of light. In fall chlorophyll breaks down and carotenoids show through |
