Biology Ch 7 Vocab

Front 1

cell

Back 1

collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that seperates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life

Front 2

cell theory

Back 2

idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in a living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells

Front 3

cell membrane

Back 3

thin flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Front 4

cell wall

Back 4

strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria

Front 5

nucleus

Back 5

the center of the atom which contains the protons and nuetrons; in cells, structure that contains the cells genetic material (DNA) and controls the cells activities

Front 6

cytoplasm

Back 6

material inside the cell membrane- not including the nucleus

Front 7

prokaryote

Back 7

organism lacking a nuclues

Front 8

eukaryote

Back 8

organism whose cells contain nuclei

Front 9

organelle

Back 9

specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell

Front 10

chromatin

Back 10

grnaular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins

Front 11

chromosone

Back 11

threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetis info. that is passed from one generation of cells to the next

Front 12

nucleolous

Back 12

small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of protein begins

Front 13

nuclear envelope

Back 13

layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell

Front 14

cytoskeleton

Back 14

network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement

Front 15

ribosome

Back 15

small particle is the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein

Front 16

vacuole

Back 16

cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, protein, and carbohydrates

Front 17

endoplasmic retitulum

Back 17

internal membrane system in cells in which lipid componets of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified1

Front 18

Golgi apparatus

Back 18

stack of membranes in the cell that modifies sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum

Front 19

lysosome

Back 19

cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cells

Front 20

vacuole

Back 20

cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Front 21

chloroplasts

Back 21

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

Front 22

mitochondrion

Back 22

cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

Front 23

lipid bilayer

Back 23

double layered sheet that forms the cove of nearlu all cell membranes

Front 24

concentration

Back 24

the mass of solute in a given volume of solutions, or mass/volume

Front 25

diffusion

Back 25

process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated

Front 26

osmosis

Back 26

diffusion of water through a selectively permable membrane

Front 27

facilitated diffusion

Back 27

movement of specific molecules accross cell membrane through protein channels

Front 28

active transportq

Back 28

energy requiring process that moves material accross a cell membrane against a cencentration difference4

Front 29

endocytosis

Back 29

process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane

Front 30

phagocytosis

Back 30

process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take then into the cell

Front 31

exocytosis

Back 31

process by which a cell releases large amounts of material

Front 32

cell specialization

Back 32

the process in which cells develop ion different ways to perform different tasks

Front 33

tissue

Back 33

group of similar cells that perform a particular function

Front 34

organ

Back 34

group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions

Front 35

organ system

Back 35

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function