Biology Ch. 6 Chemistry Of Life

Front 1

Atom

Back 1

The simplest particle of an element that retains all of the properties of the element

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protons

Back 2

Positive charge; found in the nucleus

Front 3

neutrons

Back 3

Neutral charge; found in the nucleus

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electrons

Back 4

Negative charge; found in shells around the nucleus

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element

Back 5

a substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by ordinary chemical means

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atomic number

Back 6

the number of protons present in the nucleus

Front 7

atomic mass

Back 7

the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus

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Ions

Back 8

particles with unequal numbers of electrons and protons; charged particles

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mixture

Back 9

combination of substances in which the individual components retain their own properties

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Acid

Back 10

any compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water; pH less than 7

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Acid

Back 11

turn litmus paper red; examples- Lemon juice, coke, vinegar, tomato juice

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polar molecule

Back 12

Molecule with an unequal distribution of charge

Front 13

isotopes

Back 13

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Front 14

carbon dating

Back 14

measuring the breakdown of carbon so a scientist can determine the age of a carbon containing item

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compound

Back 15

group of atoms held together by chemical bonds

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reactants

Back 16

starting materials; written on the left side of the equation

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products

Back 17

formed by the reaction; written on the right side

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Covalent Bond

Back 18

Forms when two atoms SHARE electrons; Results in the formation of molecules

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Ionic Bond

Back 19

forms between 2 atoms of opposite charge; Results in the formation of ions

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Hydrogen Bond

Back 20

weak chemical bond that forms between 2 polar molecules

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Solution

Back 21

mixture in which one or more substances are dissolved in another substance

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Base

Back 22

any compound that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water; pH greater than 7

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Base

Back 23

turn litmus paper blue; examples- Soap, very salty water, oven cleaner, baking soda, ammonia

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Water

Back 24

Universal Solvent; more substances dissolve in it than in any other known liquid

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cohesion

Back 25

Water molecules bond to other water molecules; makes it possible to fill a glass of water above rim

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Capillary Action

Back 26

Water rises up tree from roots to leaves through small tubes; results from both adhesion& cohesion

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water expands when it freezes- why is this a disadvantage to living things?

Back 27

plants may die during periods of frost when some of the water inside them freezes and swells to damage their delicate internal structure

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Hydrolysis

Back 28

addition of water to a polymer to break the bonds that hold them together

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four main types of macromolecules

Back 29

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

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isomers

Back 30

compounds with the same molecular formula, but with different structures

Front 31

Glucose

Back 31

Monosaccharide found in blood of animals

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Fructose

Back 32

Monosaccharide found in fruit

Front 33

Sucrose

Back 33

Table sugar; Disaccharide transported in plants

Front 34

Cellulose

Back 34

polysaccharide contained in the cell walls of plants; gives strength and rigidity to plant cells

Front 35

Lipids

Back 35

macromolecules that do not dissolve in water

Front 36

Saturated fatty acids

Back 36

Solid at room temp; most come from animal products; maximum # of bonds possible

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adhesion

Back 37

Water molecules are attracted to other polar molecules

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Organic compounds

Back 38

Contain carbon & hydrogen atoms

Front 39

ice floats- why is this an advantage to living things?

Back 39

advantage to aquatic organisms. Ice forms at surface- insulating blanket between water and cold air, slowing the formation of ice in lower water

Front 40

Dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction

Back 40

the formation of Polymers, during which water is released

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Monomers

Back 41

Small building blocks that can link together to form polymers

Front 42

Monosaccharides (simple sugars)

Back 42

the building blocks or monomers that make up carbohydrates

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Galactose

Back 43

Monosaccharide found in milk

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Lactose

Back 44

Disaccharide found in milk

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Starch

Back 45

common storage form of glucose in plants (breads, pasta, potatoes)

Front 46

Glycogen

Back 46

common storage form of glucose in animals (stored in the liver and muscles to be used as quick energy)

Front 47

Fatty Acids

Back 47

building blocks or monomers that make up most Lipids

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Unsaturated fatty acids

Back 48

Liquid at room temp; referred to as oils

Front 49

Triglycerides

Back 49

glycerol linked to 3 fatty acids in the shape of an "E"

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Amino Acids

Back 50

building blocks or monomers that make up most proteins

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Nucleic acids

Back 51

Complex organic molecules that store genetic information in cells

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Nucleotides

Back 52

building blocks or monomers that make up most nucleic acids

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DNA

Back 53

Genetic information in the nucleus of cells

Front 54

ATP

Back 54

base + sugar + 3 phosphates; used as energy for the cell

Front 55

Proteins

Back 55

construction materials for body parts such as muscles, hair, skin, and blood

Front 56

20

Back 56

Number of amino acids that humans use

Front 57

Enzymes

Back 57

Proteins that help control chemical reactions by acting as catalysts to speed up reactions

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Parts of a nucleotide

Back 58

Sugar, base, Phosphate

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RNA

Back 59

Instructions which code for protein synthesis

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Polymer

Back 60

Generic term for a complex molecule formed from linking together monomers

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Peptide bond

Back 61

A covalent chemical bond formed between two amino acid molecules.

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Denatured

Back 62

Describes a protein that has changed shape and therefore lost its ability to function

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Active site

Back 63

The region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction

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Temperature and pH

Back 64

Changes in these two factors can denature a protein

Front 65

(CH2O)n

Back 65

General formula for a carbohydrate

Front 66

Periods

Back 66

Horizontal rows of the periodic table; indicates how many electron shells an atom contains

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Groups

Back 67

Vertical columns of the periodic table; indicates how many valence electrons an atom contains

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dotted line

Back 68

How can you show a hydrogen bond in a drawing?

Front 69

H+

Back 69

What is the formula for hydrogen ions?

Front 70

OH-

Back 70

What is the formula for hydroxide ions?

Front 71

0-14

Back 71

The pH scales ranges from what number to what number?