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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Received Nobel prize in 1962 for discovering structure of DNA |
Watson, Crick, and Wilkins |
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Allows for double helix to form |
Sugar phosphate backbone |
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Type of macromolecule DNA is |
Nucleic acid |
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The gene's sequence is copied from DNA to mRNA |
Transcription |
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Gene's sequence is encoded in mRNA which directs the production of a protein |
Translation |
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Enzyme used in transcription |
RNA polymerase |
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Help to synthesize |
Ribosomes |
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Multiple amino acids form |
Polypeptide |
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Where does transcription occur |
Nucleus |
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Needed for translation |
Free amino acids Ribosomal unit Transfer RNA |
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Decoder ring works in multiples of 3 |
tRNA |
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Universal starter |
Methionine (AUG) |
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A sequence of bases in a DNA molecule that carries the info necessary for producing a functional product, usually a protein molecule or RNA |
Genes |
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Different versions of a gene that code for the same trait |
Alleles |
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A full set of DNA an organism carries |
Genome |
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In eukaryotes, the genome is divided among smaller, linear strands of DNA |
Chromosomes |
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Non coding regions of DNA May take the form of short (or long) sequences that are repeated thousands of times |
Introns |
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Useful parts of DNA |
Exons |
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Genome |
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Chromosome |
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Gene |
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Three base sequence in mRNA |
Codon |
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Three components of nucleotides |
A molecule of sugar A phosphate group A nitrogen containing molecule (base) |
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Alteration in DNA bases |
Mutations |
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Occur when one base pair in the DNA is substituted for another, or when a base pair is inserted or deleted |
Point mutation |
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3 types of point mutation |
Nucleotide substitution Nucleotide insertion Nucleotide deletion |
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Changes to the overall organization of the genes on a chromosome (gene moves) |
Chromosomal aberrations |
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3 types of chromosomal aberrations |
Gene deletion Gene relocation Gene duplication |
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Human genes for breast cancer |
BRCA1 & BRCA2 |
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Increase risk of mutation |
Spontaneous mutation Radiation-induced mutations Chemical-induced mutations |
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Generally exploits the use of cellular or cellular components to develop new technology |
Biotechnology |
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How PCR works |
Small amount of DNA is collected Chopped up (restriction enzyme) Copied |
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The study of genomes |
Genomics |
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With your PCR amplified sample you can identify which genes are turned on in any individual |
Microarray |
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Careful selection of genes/traits to alter the original state of an organism |
Genetic engineering |
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You can genetically modify food to |
Make it larger Make it resistant to bacteria/viruses Longer shelf life More nutritious |
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The complementary base pairs in a DNA molecule are stabilized by... |
Hydrogen bonds |
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DNA can be found in... |
Dead skin cells Saliva Blood |
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The double helix model of DNA was exciting to the scientific community because... |
It explained how genetic material could be duplicated by means of the complementary strands |
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Most genes come in alternative forms called |
Alleles |
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DNA is a macromolecule that stores info. Which component of DNA is the source of this information? |
The base |
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The highest percentage of non-coding DNA is found in |
Eukaryotes, except yeast |
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The central dogma of molecular biology states that |
DNA is transcribed into RNA which is translated into a protein |
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The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four phases. In this order |
Mitosis, gap 1, DNA synthesis, and gap 2 |
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The majority of a eukaryotic cell's life is spent in |
Interphase |
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Mitosis results in |
Daughter cells with the same number and composition of chromosomes |
