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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hormone
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a chemical signal that is secreted into the extracellular fluid, is carried by the circulatory system, and communicates regulatory messages within the body
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endocrine glands
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secrete their products into body fluids.
ex. thyroid gland, parathyroid, pituitary and adrenal glands, pancreas |
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exocrine glands
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secrete into ducts that lad to a body surface
ex. sweat glands, salivary glands, and sebaceous glands |
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steroid hormones
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-steroids or steroid-like compounds synthesized from cholesterol (ex. estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, aldosterone)
-soluble in lipids, including cell membranes -bund with receptor proteins in the nucleus, binding to the DNA and altering it |
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nonsteroid hormones
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-include amines, peptides, proteins, or glycoproteins (ex. epinephrine, ADH, GH, FSH, LH, and T3)
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negative feedback
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-When an imbalence in hormone concentration occurs, information is fed back to the nervous or endocrine system to correct it.
-stabilizes the concentration of many hormones. -can be in response to nerve impulses, other hormones (antagonistis pairs), or nerve cells. |
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antagonistic pairs
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Respond directly to some change in external environment
ex. insulin and glucagon, changes in blood sugar concentrations |
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pituitary gland
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-has anterior and posterior lobes
-secretions are controlled by hypothalamus -pea-sized organ located in the middle of the head (in humans) |
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hypothalamus
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controls pituitary glad secretions
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releasing hormones
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from hypothalamus, make the anterior pituitary release its hormones
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inhibiting hormones
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from hypothalamus, make the anterior pituitary stop releasing hormones
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posterior pituitary hormones (2)
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin (OC)
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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causes kidneys to reduce the amount of water they release, reduces urine production, regulated by the hypothalamus
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osmoreceptors
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Oxytocin
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growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH), various endorphins (which limit the perception of pain)
-mostly nonsteroid |
anterior pituitary hormones
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Growth hormone (GH)
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Prolactin (PRL)
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Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
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gonadotropins
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thyroid gland
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