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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lymph
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the fluid within the lymphatic capillaries and system
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lymph nodes
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composed of smaller nodules, where lymphocytes and macrophages are present; generally in clusters, especially in the mucous membranes of the respiratory and digestive tracts
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spleen
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-largest lymphatic organ
-located next to the stomach, under the daiphragm -red pulp - blood reservoir -white pulp - nodules housing lymphocytes |
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thymus
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-composed of lymphatic tissue called lobules, has lymphocytes
-decreases in size after puberty -produces thymosin, a hormone whic stimulates maturation of T cells throughout the body |
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tonsils
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modified encapsulated lymph nodes
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edema
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swelling in the lymphatic capillaries or other intercellular spaces by interstial fluid
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species resistance
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each organism is resistant to certain diseases of other organisms
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inflammation
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localized redness, swelling, heat, and pain of an organ
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gastric juices
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example of a chemical barrier to pathogens; acid kills pathogens which reach the stomach
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lysozyme
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inhibits bacteria that could enter through the eye; found in tears, also in sweat and saliva
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interferons
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powerful chemical released by virus-infected cells
-diffuse neighboring cells & induce them to become more resistantto viral invasion by inhibiting viral replication -activate phagocytic cells |
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sebum
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oil of skin and hair, lowers pH thereby inhibiting certain bacteria
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complement
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a group of about 20 serum proteins that carry out effects to kill foreign microbes like:
-coat antigens -tear holes in the microbe cell membrane directly -promote inflammation, making the environment less favorable to the pathogen -attract white blood cells to the site |
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histamine
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released by B-cells in respose to an antigen; they cause allergy symptoms - sneezing, congestion, pain, watery red eyes, mucous, postnasal drip, general malaise
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chemokines
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released by damaged blood cells, attract white blood cells to site of inflammation
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phagosyctosis
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phagocytes
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antibody
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antigen
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plasma cells
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clonal selection
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memory cells
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accessory cells
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helper T cells
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suppressor T cells
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cytotocis T cells
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major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins
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primary immune response
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first response to an antigen; a slow rise in IgMand then IgG, follwed by a gradual decline
antibodies produced over next few weeks, some B cells become memory cells |
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secondary immune response
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occurs more rapidly upon a second exposure to the same pathogen
involves a more intense, rapid increase in IgG antibodies |
