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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
vertebra
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one of the 33 bones in the spinal column (backbone), individual segments that make up a backbone
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agnathan
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the earliest fishes that had niether jaws nor paired fins
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acanthadian
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spiny fish, have strong jaws with jagged, bony edges that serve as teeth, internal skeletons made of cartilage
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cartilage
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lightweight, strong, flexible, tissue
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terrestrial
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animals that live on land
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thecodont
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an extinct group of crocodile-like reptiles
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Pangaea
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the earth's landmasses were joined in a single supercontinent
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ectothermic
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animals whose metabolism is too slow to produce enough heat to warm their bodies
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endothermic
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animals that maintain a high, constant body temperature by producing heat internally
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therapsid
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an extinct order of animals that were most likely endotherms
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gill filament
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gills are made up of these, fingerlike projections through which gases enter and leave the blood
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gill slit
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water is pushed out through here, this opening is located in the rear of the cheek cavity
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countercurrent flow
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water passes over the gills in one direction as blood flows in the opposite direction through capillaries in the gills
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nephron
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tubelike units that regulate the body's salt and water balance and remove metabolic wastes from the body
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lateral line
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a sensory system that extends along each side of a bony fish's body
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operculum
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a hard plate that covers the gills on either side of the head
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swim bladder
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a special gas sac that allows fish to regulate their buoyancy
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teleost
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the most advanced of the rayfinned bony fish
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lung
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an internal, baglike respiratory organ that allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to be exchanged between the air and the bloodstream
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pulmonary vein
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carry oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body
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septum
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a dividing wall that seperate the amphbian's atrium into right and left halves
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amniotic egg
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contains both a water supply and a food supply to help a developing reptile
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oviparous
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young hatch from eggs
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ovoviviparous
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the female retains the eggs within her body until shortly before hatching or the eggs hatch within the female's body
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carapace
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dorsal part of a turtle's shell
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plastron
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the ventral side of a turtle's shell
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contour feather
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cover the bird's body and give adult birds their shape
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preen gland
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secretes oil
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down feather
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cover the body of young birds and are found beneath the contour feathers of adults
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hair
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a filament composed mainly of dead cells filled with the protein keratin
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mammory gland
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located on the female's chest or abdomen that produce a nutrient-rich energy sourse called milk
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weaning
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the time when the mother stops feeding her child
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placenta
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an organ that allows the diffusion of nutrients and oxygen from the mother's blood to the fetus
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gestation period
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the period of time between fertilization and birth
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ungulate
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mammals with hooves
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cud
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partly digested food
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alveolus
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found inside the lungs of mammals, small, grape-shaped chambers
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