Biology Ch 3

Front 1

The basic units of living organisms

Back 1

cell

Front 2

considered a simple light microscope because it contains one lens

Back 2

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Front 3

uses a series of lenses to magnify objects 15,000 times

Back 3

compound light microscope

Front 4

used microscope to study cork; the dead cells of Oak Bark ;Discovered the cell in 1665

Back 4

Robert Hook

Front 5

concluded that all plants are composed of cells

Back 5

Matthias schleiden

Front 6

concluded that all animals are composed of cells

Back 6

Theodore Schwann

Front 7

1. all organisms are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of structure and organizations of organisms, all cells have come from pre-existing cells

Back 7

cell theory

Front 8

in the 1930s and 1940s a new type of microscope was developed; uses a beam of electrons instead of light to magnified structures up to 500,000 times

Back 8

electron microscope

Front 9

magnifies structures up to 500,000 times

Back 9

electron microscope

Front 10

magnifies up to 1500 times

Back 10

compound light microscope

Front 11

Scan surfaces of cells to learn their three-dimensional shape

Back 11

SEM; scanning electron microscope

Front 12

allows you to study structures contained within cells

Back 12

TEM; transmission electron microscope

Front 13

Uses the flow of electrons to create computer images of Atoms on the surface of a molecule

Back 13

STM; scanning tunneling microscope

Front 14

do not contain any membrane bound organelles but still contain organelles(most are unicellular)

Back 14

prokaryotic

Front 15

contain membrane bound organelles; Most are multicellular

Back 15

eukaryotic

Front 16

observed that eukaryotic cells contain a prominent structure

Back 16

Robert Brown

Front 17

concluded the eukaryotic cell structure was responsible for cell division (the nucleus). it manages or controls cellular functions

Back 17

rudolf Virchow

Front 18

all living things must contain a blank or Garlist of internal and extra no condition

Back 18

balance

Front 19

this depends on a cells availability to maintain the proper conditions within itself

Back 19

survival

Front 20

flexible boundary between the cell and its environment to allow a steady supply of these nutrients to come into the cell no matter what the external conditions are

Back 20

plasma membrane

Front 21

process in which a membrane allows some molecules to pass through our keeping others out

Back 21

selective permeability

Front 22

some molecules such as_____ freely into the cell

Back 22

water

Front 23

other particles such as ----&------ must be allowed into the cell @ only certain times

Back 23

sodium and calcium ions

Front 24

particles must be allowed to the cell only at certain times through

Back 24

channels

Front 25

large molecules that are composed of glycerol and three fatty acid

Back 25

lipids

Front 26

if A phosphate group replaces of fatty acid a blank is formed

Back 26

phospholipid

Front 27

has a glycerone backbone two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group

Back 27

phospholipid

Front 28

has a glycerol backbone

Back 28

phospholipid

Front 29

has two fatty acid chains

Back 29

phospholipid

Front 30

has a phosphate group

Back 30

phospholipid

Front 31

composed of a phospholipid bilayer

Back 31

plasma membrane

Front 32

The two fatty acid tails of a phospholipid are

Back 32

Nonpolar

Front 33

Head of the phospholipid molecule containing the phosphate group is

Back 33

polar

Front 34

The key component of living organisms both inside and outside the cell

Back 34

water

Front 35

allows the cell membrane to act with it's watery environment because the water is polar

Back 35

The polar phosphate group

Front 36

this avoids water

Back 36

The fatty acid tails

Front 37

The plasma membrane is called

Back 37

The fluid Mosaic model

Front 38

The plasma membrane is fluid because

Back 38

phospholipids move

Front 39

these proteins in the plasma membrane create

Back 39

A mosaic pattern

Front 40

is also found in the plasma membrane

Back 40

cholesterol

Front 41

stabilizes the phospholipid by preventing their fatty acid tails from sticking together

Back 41

cholesterol

Front 42

high levels of this are associated with reduced blood flow in blood vessels

Back 42

Cholesterol

Front 43

are found within the within membrane

Back 43

proteins

Front 44

move needed substances are waste materials through the plasma membrane

Back 44

transport proteins

Front 45

provide internal support to the cells structure and gives the cells it's flexibility

Back 45

Protein

Front 46

acts as a selectively permeable membrane

Back 46

plasma membrane

Front 47

composed of a carbohydrate called cellulose; polysaccharide

Back 47

cell wall

Front 48

forms a thick tough mech of fibers

Back 48

cellulose

Front 49

contains the directions to make proteins and controls the activity of the organelles

Back 49

nucleus

Front 50

The master set of directions for making proteins is contained in

Back 50

chromatin

Front 51

strands of genetic material; DNA

Back 51

chromatin

Front 52

when a cell divides the Chromatin condenses to form

Back 52

chromosome

Front 53

within the nucleus is a prominent organelle called the

Back 53

Nucleolus

Front 54

makes ribosomes

Back 54

Neculeolus

Front 55

The sites where the cell produces proteins

Back 55

ribosomes

Front 56

unlike other organelles these are not bound by a membrane

Back 56

ribosomes; can be found in a prokaryotic

Front 57

for proteins to be made

Back 57

ribosomes must move out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm

Front 58

clear gelatinous fluid inside a cell

Back 58

cytoplasm

Front 59

A double membrane made up of two phospholipid bilayer's; like the plasma membrane

Back 59

nuclear envelope

Front 60

The Golgi apparatus sorts proteins in packages & packs them into structures called

Back 60

vesicles

Front 61

cells have membrane-bound compartments called blank that store food in ezymes and sometimes a waste

Back 61

vacuole

Front 62

organelles that contain digestive enzymes; digest excess or worn-out organelles food particles and engulfed viruses or bacteria

Back 62

lysosome

Front 63

when a tadpole develops into a frog blank within the cells of the tadpoles tail cause it's digestion the molecules released are used to build different cells perhaps in the legs of the adult frog

Back 63

lysosomes

Front 64

these two organelles provide energy

Back 64

chloroplasts and mitochondria

Front 65

organelles that capture light energy and converted to chemical energy; like a nucleus has a double membrane

Back 65

chloroplast

Front 66

in the chloroplast energy from sunlight is trapped in

Back 66

inner thylakoid membranes

Front 67

The inner membranes of the thylakoid are stacked in membranous sacs called

Back 67

grana

Front 68

The fluid that surrounds the sacks of grana is called

Back 68

stroma

Front 69

are in chloroplasts; store starches lipids and pigments

Back 69

plastids

Front 70

ribosomes and DNA copy pass into the cytoplasm through blank in the nuclear envelope

Back 70

pores

Front 71

make a TP energy; transform or make energy for the cell

Back 71

mitochondria

Front 72

forms the framework for the cell

Back 72

cytoskeleton

Front 73

The cytoskeleton contains blank that are thin hollow cylinders made of protein

Back 73

microtubules

Front 74

are inside the cytoskeleton; smaller solid protein fibers

Back 74

microfilaments

Front 75

together blank act as sort of a scaffold to maintain the shape of the cell

Back 75

microtubules and microfilaments

Front 76

organelles found in the cells of animals and most protists they occur in pairs and are made up of microtubules;Aid in mitosis

Back 76

centrioles

Front 77

Play a role in cell division; mitosis

Back 77

centriole

Front 78

made of microtubules that aid the cell and feeding and locomotion

Back 78

cilia and flagella

Front 79

short numerous projections that look like hair

Back 79

cilia

Front 80

longer projections that move with a whip like motion

Back 80

flagella

Front 81

The site of cellular chemical reactions; is arranged in a series of Highly folded membranes suspended in the cytoplasm

Back 81

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 82

A sale usually has only one or two

Back 82

flagella

Front 83

ribosomes in the cytoplasm are attached to the surface of what ER

Back 83

rough

Front 84

this organelles only job is to make proteins

Back 84

ribosome

Front 85

can also be found floating freely in the cytoplasm

Back 85

ribosomes

Front 86

made of microtubules that aid the cell and feeding and locomotion

Back 86

cilia and flagella

Front 87

this ER is involved in activities such as production in storage of lipids

Back 87

smooth

Front 88

after proteins are made in the ribosome they are transferred to another organelle called

Back 88

Golgi apparatus

Front 89

sorts of proteins into packages impacts them into membrane bound structures

Back 89

Golgi apparatus