Biology Ch. 3 & 4

Front 1

weight

Back 1

measure of the force of gravity on an object
The greater the mass of an object, the greater the force of gravity on it, and the greater its weight.

Front 2

suspensions

Back 2

mixture containing non-dissolved particles in a solid, liquid, or gas

Front 3

neutron

Back 3

electrically neutral particle
has no charge at all

Front 4

nucleus

Back 4

the center of the atom
held together by 2 dif. kinds of subatomic particles
Neuton and proton

Front 5

volume

Back 5

the amt. of space matter takes up

Front 6

physical change

Back 6

the change of one thing to another, but can go back

Front 7

Physical properties of matter

Back 7

physical properties of matter can be observed and measured w/out permanently changing the identity of it

Front 8

nucleic acids

Back 8

large ocmplex organic molecules composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorous atoms.
2 basic kinds, rna and dna
store and transmit the genetic info that is responsible for life itself

Front 9

solvent

Back 9

substance in which a solute is dissolved to produce a solution

Front 10

other physical properties

Back 10

melting point and freezing point

Front 11

proteins

Back 11

organic compounds that contain nitrogen in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
help carry out chemical reactions, help pump small molecules in and out of cells, and are responsible for teh ability of cells to move.

Front 12

active site

Back 12

where substrates bind to enzymes

Front 13

substrates

Back 13

reactants that are affected by an enzyme

Front 14

chemical reactions

Back 14

any process in which chemical change has occured

Front 15

electron

Back 15

also a subatomic particle
a negatively charged particle

Front 16

electrons and protons

Back 16

normally, the number of negatively charged electrons in an atom is equal to the number of positively charged protons.
therefore the atom is neutral

Front 17

ionic bond

Back 17

a bond that involves a transfer of electrons
means charged particle
formed when an ionic bond occurs
the strong attraction between oppositely charged ions hat have been formed by the transfer of electron hold the ions together in an ionic bond

Front 18

mixture

Back 18

substance composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that are mixed together but not chemically combined.
mixtures that are made with water can be of 2 imp. types, solutions and suspensions

Front 19

solute

Back 19

the substance that is dissolved

Front 20

solutions

Back 20

when 1 substance is dissolved in another

Front 21

oxidation

Back 21

a reaction in which the atoms in an element lose electrons and the valence of the element if correspondingly increased

Front 22

polymerization

Back 22

when large compounds are constructed by joining together smaller compoiunds

Front 23

reactive element

Back 23

tending to participate readily in reactions

Front 24

neutralization reaction

Back 24

mixing a strong acid and a strong base results in a reaction in which hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions react to form water

Front 25

ph scale

Back 25

indicates the relative concetrations of the 2 ions

Front 26

macromolecules

Back 26

large polymers.
macro = giant

Front 27

atom

Back 27

means unable to cut in greek,
the basic unit of matter

Front 28

chemical properties

Back 28

describes a substances ability to change into another new substance as a result of chemical change.

Front 29

carbon

Back 29

a unique element because of its remarkable abiliity to form covalent bonds that are strong and stable
carbons can form chains of almost unlimited lengths by bonding to other carbon atoms

Front 30

inert element

Back 30

forming few or no chemical compounds

Front 31

subatomic particles

Back 31

smaller particles in an atom
the 3 principle ones are protons, neutron, and electrons

Front 32

what are the four groups of organic compounds found in living things

Back 32

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Front 33

polysaccharides

Back 33

the form in which living things store excess sugar.
ex. starch

Front 34

lipids

Back 34

organic compounds that are waxy or oily. Lipids have 3 major roles in living organisms. storing energy, form biological membranes, and chemical messengers.

Front 35

peptide bond

Back 35

the covalent bond that joins two amino acids

Front 36

carbohydrates

Back 36

molecules that are sugars and starches
contain 2 hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom

Front 37

catalyst

Back 37

a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Front 38

monomers

Back 38

the smaller compounds of polymerization are joined together by chmical bonds to form polymers

Front 39

matter

Back 39

anything that has mass and volume.

Front 40

acids

Back 40

compounds that release hydrogen ions into solutions

Front 41

bases

Back 41

compounds that release hydroxide ions into solutions

Front 42

the elements that make up practically ll the chemicl compounds in living things

Back 42

hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Front 43

organic compounds

Back 43

contain carbon

Front 44

mass

Back 44

quantity of matter in an object

Front 45

molecular weight

Back 45

the sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule

Front 46

inorganic compounds

Back 46

do not contain carbon

Front 47

number of elements
discovered

Back 47

109 elements
90 types in nature
19 artificially produced
each element is represented by a chemical sybmol

Front 48

valance

Back 48

the ability of a substance to interact with another or to produce an effect

Front 49

dehydration synthesis

Back 49

reaction in which small molecules join to form a large mol. removing water in the process.
synthesis means putting together

Front 50

compounds

Back 50

matter composed of 2 or more elements chemically bonded

Front 51

chemical compounds

Back 51

when elements combine to form substances consisting of 2 or more dif. atoms

Front 52

Isotopes

Back 52

atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but dif. number of neutrons

Front 53

radiation

Back 53

when the nuclei of an atom is unstable and will from tiime to time break down, releasing matter and /or energy

Front 54

stable/unreactive atoms

Back 54

when the outermost energy level of an atom is full

Front 55

chemical bonding

Back 55

the combining of atoms of elements

Front 56

avogadro's number

Back 56

the number of molecules in a mole or a substance, 10 to the power of 23

Front 57

monosaccharides

Back 57

simple sugars
(glucose, galactose, fructose)
C6H12O6

Front 58

reactants

Back 58

the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

Front 59

atomic number

Back 59

the number of protoms in the atom's nucleus. identifies the atom. Atoms fo the same substance have the same atomic number. Dif has dif

Front 60

chemical change

Back 60

a process in which a substance is permanently altered

Front 61

products

Back 61

the elements or compound produced by a chemical reaction

Front 62

elements

Back 62

substances which consist of entirely one type of atom

Front 63

enzymes

Back 63

enzymes are proteins, an enzyme may accelerate reaction by a factor of 10 to the power of ten

Front 64

molecule

Back 64

the result of covalent bonding of dif atoms
smallest particle of a covalently bonded compound

Front 65

covalent bond

Back 65

chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons

Front 66

water molecule

Back 66

most important propert is that due to uneven distribution, of electrons, it is slightly charged on each end

Front 67

hydrolysis

Back 67

means water splitting
the reverse actin of dehydration synthesis.

Front 68

mass number

Back 68

total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Front 69

flow of energy

Back 69

determins whether a reaction will occur

Front 70

phases

Back 70

when matter is in different states but still the same substance

Front 71

proton

Back 71

prositively charged particle