Biology Ch. 25 Intro To Animals

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Animalia

Back 1

All animals are members of this kingdom

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water

Back 2

Scientists hypothesize animals first evolved in this type of environment

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sessile

Back 3

term for an animal that is permanently attached to a surface

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motile

Back 4

term for an animal that can move

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fungi

Back 5

This type of organism digests its food before ingesting it

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animals

Back 6

This type of organism ingests its food before digesting it

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fat, glycogen

Back 7

The two forms of stored food energy in animals

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differentiated

Back 8

Term which describes animal cells that are specialized to carry out different functions

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zygote

Back 9

Term for a fertilized egg

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blastula

Back 10

The cell-covered, fluid-filled balls of cells formed early in animal development

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gastrula

Back 11

The structure made up of 2 layers of cells with an opening at one end

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ectoderm

Back 12

The layer of cells on the outer surface of the gastrula

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endoderm

Back 13

The layer of cells on the inner surface of the gastrula

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mesoderm

Back 14

The middle layer of cells in the gastrula

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skin, nervous tissue

Back 15

The ectoderm becomes these parts of the body

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digestive

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The endoderm develops into this organ system

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blastopore

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The opening to the blastula

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Protostomes

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Term for organisms in which the blastopore becomes the mouth

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Deuterostomes

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Term for organisms in which the blastopore becomes the anus

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Deuterostome

Back 20

Are humans a Protostome or Deuterostome?

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phylogeny

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The evolutionary history of an organism

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asymmetry

Back 22

Type of symmetry shown by sponges

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asymmetry

Back 23

Animals with this type of symmetry are usually sessile and do not have to expend much energy to find food

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radial

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Type of symmetry shown by sea anemone

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radial

Back 25

Animals with this type of symmetry can detect and capture prey coming at it from any direction

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bilateral

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Type of symmetry shown by humans

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bilateral

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Animals with this type of symmetry usually have sensory organs and good muscular control

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anterior

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The head end of an organism; usually contains sensory organs

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posterior

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The tail end of an organism

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dorsal

Back 30

The upper surface of a four-legged animal or the back side of a two-legged animal

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ventral

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The lower surface of a four-legged animal or the belly side of a two-legged animal

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coelom

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Name for the fluid-filled cavity inside bilaterally symmetric animals

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coelom

Back 33

Animals with this structure are able to grow larger because it allows for more efficient circulation and transport of fluids, and support for organs and organ systems

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invertebrate

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An animal without a backbone

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vertebrate

Back 35

An animal with a backbone

Front 36

Arthropoda

Back 36

Grasshoppers belong to what Phylum?

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jointed foot

Back 37

What does the word arthropod mean?

Front 38

Annelids

Back 38

Arthropods evolved from what other animal group?

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appendage

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Term for any structure, such as a leg or antenna, that grows out of an animal's body

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more flexible

Back 40

What is the advantage of having jointed appendages?

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head, thorax, abdomen

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Three body segments of adult arthropods

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cephalothorax

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Body segment formed from the fusion of the head and thorax

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exoskeleton

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Structure surrounding the soft body of an arthropod

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chitin

Back 44

Material which composes the exoskeleton of terrestrial arthropods

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ecdysis

Back 45

Scientific term for molting; shedding the exoskeleton

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prevent dessication

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Besides protection, what is the other advantage of having an exoskeleton?

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ocelli

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Term for simple arthropods eyes which distinguish light intensity

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gills

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Respiratory organs used by crustaceans

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book lungs

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Respiratory organs used by spiders

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tracheal tubes

Back 50

Respiratory organs used by insects

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spiracles

Back 51

Openings on the outside of the insect body which bring in air

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open

Back 52

Arthropods have this type of circulatory system

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hemolymph

Back 53

What do we call the yellow 'blood' inside an insect?

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malpighian tubules

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Arthropods use this organ for excretion

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conserve water

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Besides eliminating wastes, what is another function of the malpighian tubules?

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entomology

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The study of insects

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6

Back 57

Insects have how many legs?

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2

Back 58

How many pairs of wings does a grasshopper have?

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metamorphosis

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Insects growing in stages is referred to as this

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egg, larve, pupa, adult

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Four stages of complete metamorphosis

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egg, nymph, adult

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Three stages of incomplete metamorphosis

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larva

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In insects, the free-living, worm-like stage of metamorphosis, often called a caterpillar

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nymph

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The stage of incomplete metamorphosis where an insect hatching from an egg has the same general appearance as the adult insect but is smaller and sexually immature

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pupa

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The stage of insect metamorphosis where tissues and organs are broken down and replaced by adult tissues; also called a chrysalis

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complete

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This type of metamorphosis is used by 90% of insects

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pheromones

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Chemical signals given off by animals that signal animals to engage in specific behaviors

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ichthyology

Back 67

Study of fish

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cartilage, bone

Back 68

Fish skeletons can be made of these two materials

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ossification

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The replacement of cartilage by bone

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closed

Back 70

Fish have this type of circulatory system

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2

Back 71

Fish hearts have this many chambers

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gills

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Where is blood pumped once it leaves a fish's heart?

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ectothermic

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This term describes an animal that has a variable body temperature and derives its heat from its environment

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pectoral

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Fins found on the sides of a fish behind the gills

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dorsal

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Fin on the "back" or upper side of a fish

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pelvic

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Fin found on the underside of a fish towards head

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caudal

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The tail fin on a fish

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anal

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Fin near the rear of a fish's belly

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operculum

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Name of the gill cover on a fish

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Osteichthyes

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Fish belong to this class

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ctenoid

Back 81

Perch have this type of scales

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age

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What can you determine about a fish by counting the rings pattern on its scales

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antiseptic

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The slimy layer on a fish

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swim bladder

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A thin-walled, internal sac found just below the backbone in bony fish; helps the fish control their swimming depth

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lateral line system

Back 85

A line of fluid-filled canals running along the sides of a fish that enable the fish to detect movement and vibrations in the water

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lobe-finned

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Type of fish thought to lead to the evolution of amphibians

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spawning

Back 87

The egg laying behavior of fish