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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is an atom?
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the smallest unit of matter
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what is a molecule?
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a substance made of two or more different atoms
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what is an element?
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a substance made of two or more same atoms
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what is a hydrogen bond?
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a weak chemical attraction between polar molecules
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polar
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a covalent compound that does not share electrons equally
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nonpolar
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a covalent compound that shares electrons equally with no charged ends
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cohesion
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attraction between the same substance
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adhesion
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attraction between different substances
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acids
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form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
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bases
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reduce hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
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what are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
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monosaccarides
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what are the building blocks of protein?
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amino acids
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what are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
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nucleotides
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what are the building blocks of lipids?
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fatty acids and glycerol
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what are the four major organic compounds?
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carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids
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what determines the shape of a protein?
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polarity and if it's charged
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enzyme
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protein that assists in chemical reactions inside the cell
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cellulose
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polysaccharide that forms cell walls
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organic compounds
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compounds containing carbon
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phospholipid
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a lipid made of a phosphate group and two fatty acids
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macromolecule
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large molecule made up simple structures
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saturated
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fats in which fatty acids are surrounded by hydrogen atoms; found in animals
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glycogen
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important polysaccharide that stores sugar in animals
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nonsaturated
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fats in which fatty acids are not surrounded by hydrogen atoms and form double bonds; found in plants
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monosaccharides
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simple sugars; glucose
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carbohydrates
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main energy source for living things
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disaccharides
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double sugars; formed through dehydration synthesis; sucrose
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polysaccharides
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chains of monosaccharides; starch, glycogen, cellulose
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lipids
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no soluble in water
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fats
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made of fatty acids and glycerol; storage
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phospholipids
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like fats, but with a phosphate group; used in cell membranes
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steroids
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testosterone, estrogen, cholesterol
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waxes
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beeswax, earwax
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DNA
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double helix; has the directions to make protein
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RNA
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reads the DNA and carries it out
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ATP
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nucleotide with two phosphate groups; food energy temporarily stored
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What are the four types of protein in the cell?
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channel (transport), marker, enzyme, and receptor
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what are some functions of protein?
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structural, antibodies, and functional
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