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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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matter
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anything that takes up space and has mass
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element
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any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance
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compound
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a chemical combination, in a fixed ratio, of two or more elements
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trace element
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an element indispensable for life but required in extremely minute amounts
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atom
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the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element
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atomic nucleus
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the dense core at the center of the atom which contains protons and neutrons
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dalton
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the atomic mass unit; a measure of mass for atoms and subatomic particles
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atomic number
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the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, unique for each element and designated by a subscript to the left of the symbol
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mass number
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the sum of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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atomic weight
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the total atomic mass, which is the mass in grams of one mole of the atom
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isotope
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one of several atomic forms of an element each containing a different number of neutrons, and thus differing in atomic mass
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radioactive isotope
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an isotope, an atomic form of a chemical element, that is unstable; the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off detectable particles and energy
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energy
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the ability to do work
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potential energy
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the energy that matter stores because of its position or location
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energy levels; electon shells
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the different states of potential energy for electrons in an atom
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orbital
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the three-dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time
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valence electron
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the outermost electrons of an atom
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valence shell
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the outermost energy shell of an atom
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covalent bond
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the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms
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electronegativity
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the tendency for an atom to pull electrons toward itself
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nonpolar covalent bond
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a type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity
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polar covalent bond
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a type of vocalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive
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ion
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an atom that has gained or lost electrons, thus acquiring a charge
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cation
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an ion with a positive charge, produced by the loss of one or more electrons
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anion
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a negatively charged ion
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ionic bond
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a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions
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hydrogen bond
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a type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond
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cal equilibrium
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the point at which the reactions offset one another exactly
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