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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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nucleotide is composed of: |
nitrogenous base 5-carbon sugar phosphate group |
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Who discovered that the "transforming factor" could be transferred into a bacterial cell in 1928? |
Frederick Griffith |
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Who used bacteriophages to show that DNA is the genetic material of T2, a virus that infects the bacterium E. Coli |
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase 1952 |
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Hershey-Chase Experiment Phages were labelled with: radioactive BLANK to detect PROTEINS radioactive BLANK to detect DNA |
Sulfur, Phosphorous |
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Who deduced the secondary structure of DNA using X-ray crystallography data using the DNA from the work of Franklin and Wilkins? |
James Watson and Francis Crick 1953 |
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What did chargaff observe about DNA? |
That A=T and G=C |
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Which daughter strand is synthesized continuously? |
Leading Strand |
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Which daughter strand is synthesized in pieces? |
Lagging Strand or Okazaki fragments |
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Which hypothesis was based on the studies of inherited metabolic diseases? |
The initial one gene-one enzyme hypothesis |
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Which hypothesis recognizes that some proteins are composed of multiple polypeptides? |
The more recent one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis. |
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Transcription Enzyme that links nucleotides |
RNA Polymerase |
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Specify where transcription begins and ends |
DNA Promoter and terminator |
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Steps in transcription |
initiation, elongation, termination. |
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RNA splicing removes BLANK and joins BLANK to produce a continuous coding sequence |
Introns Exons |
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Molecule with 2 sub-units. It links amino acids and polypeptide chain |
Ribosomes |
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Molecules that bring amino acids to ribosome |
Transfer RNA (tRNA) |
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Production of Mutations |
Mutagenesis |
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Mutations can be caused by: |
spontaneous errors - during DNA replication and recombination mutagens - chemicals, UV light and X-rays |
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Creation of an individual by asexual reproduction |
Cloning |
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The turning on and off of genes |
Gene regulation |
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The overall process of information flow from genes to proteins |
Gene expression |
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Cell specialization, in structure and function, controlled by turning specific sets of genes on or off |
differentiation |
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A process in which the nucleus of an egg cell or zygote is replaced with the nucleus of an adult somatic cell |
Nuclear Transplantation |
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Type of stem cells that give rise to many, but not all types of cells |
Adult Stem Cells |
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Type of stem cells which can give rise to most types of cells |
Embryonic Stem Cells |
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Mutations in which 2 types of genes can cause cancer? |
Oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes |
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Normal genes that promote cell division |
Proto-oncogenes |
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How many somatic mutations are required to produce a full-fledged cancer cell |
4 or more |
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Manipulation of organism or their components to make useful products |
Biotechnology |
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set of modern lab techniques used to study and manipulate genetic material |
DNA Technology |
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Manipulating genes for practical purposes |
Genetic Engineering |
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Formed by joining nucleotide sequences from two different sources and often different species |
Recombinant DNA |
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collection of all the cloned DNA fragments from a target genome |
Genomic library |
