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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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True-breeding line(age)
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Constituted similar pure traits over generations
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Inheritance theory 19th century
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"Blending" of fluids from both parents.
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Alleles
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Alt. forms of a gene
ex: height-> tall, short |
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Law of segregation
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B4 sexual reproduction occurs, the 2 alleles carried by an individual parent must become segregated,
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Locus
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Designated the location of a specific gene on the chromosome.
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Monohybrid Cross
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Inheritance of 2 different alleles of a single locus (single trait)
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Homozygous
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Two alleles carried (AA) for this locus are identical.
"true breedin line of ___insert phenotype____. |
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Heterozygous
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Two alleles carried (Aa) for this locus are different.
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Genotype
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of an organism is described using homozygous and heterozygous.Refers to the genetic constitution or genetic makeup.
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Test cross
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mating between (a) individual that is homozygous recessive and (b)another individual whose genotype is unsure.
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Dihybrid Cross
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Different alleles at two loci. Mating with 2 traits being tracked. Pairs of alleles on NONHOMOLOGOUS chromosomes
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Principle of independent assortment.
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Members of any gene pair segregate from one another independently of the members of the other gene pairs.
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Drosphilia experiment results
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(1) Genes are arranged in a linear order on each chromosome. (2) Independent assrtment doesn't apply is 2 loci lie close together in the same pair of homologous chromosomes.
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Linked genes
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Because locis might happen to be close to each other, they might become linked- they tend to be inheritd together.
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Recombination
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Any process that leads to new gene combinations.
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Crossing over in genetics
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facilitates the recombination of linked genes. The farther apart genes are on a chromosome, the more likely cross-over will occur b/t them.
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Sex-linked genes
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Genes located on the X chromosome,ex: blood clotting & color perception.
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Male: X chromosome
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In males, every allele present on the x chromosome is expressed.
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Hemizygous
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A male has only 1 copy of each X-linked gene.
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Incomplete dominance
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When the heterozygotehas a phenotype intermediate b/t those of its two parents. Genotypic and phenotypic ratios are identical.(red + white=pink)
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Codominance
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Instances in which both traits are expressed (red & white hairs)
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Plieotrophy
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Ability of a single gene to have mulitple effects. (genetic diseases)
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Epistasis
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common type of gene interaction in which the presence of certain alleles of one locus and express its own phenotype instead.
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Polygenic inheritance
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Mulitple independent pairs of genes have similar and additive effects on the same character.
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all
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finished
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